High Blood Pressure Is The Resistance Of Blood Vessels

Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of blood vessels, and the magnitude of this force depends on the cardiac output and the resistance of the blood vessels. When the systolic blood pressure (SBP) which is the pressure as the heart pumps blood around the body is 140 mm Hg or more, or a diastolic blood pressure (DBP) which is the pressure as the heart relaxes and refills with blood, is 90 mm Hg or more, and the individual is taking antihypertensive medication, it is called Hypertension (Madhur, 2014). High blood pressure is a major risk factor for various other illnesses and even death due to several cardiac and vascular diseases. It is assessed that about 54% of strokes, 47% of heart attacks, 75% of hypertensive disease, 25% of other heart disease, 13.5% of all mortality, and 6% of morbidity are linked to Hypertension (Khraim Pike, 2014). Hypertension affects about 70 million adults in the United States. Only about half (52%) of people with hypertensio n have their blood pressure under control. Nearly 1 in 3 American adults have prehypertension which means that blood pressure numbers are greater than usual, but not in the high blood pressure range. Hypertension costs the country about $46 billion annually. This comprises the cost of health care services, drugs to treat hypertension, and days of absence from work (CDC, 2015). Pathophysiology of the disease The pathogenesis of essential hypertension involves various elements and is extremelyShow MoreRelatedPhysio Ex Lab Exercise 5 Cardiovascular Dynamics 1-41736 Words   |  7 Pageshow blood vessel radius affects blood flow rate. * To understand how vessel radius is changed in the body. * To understand how to interpret a graph of blood Bessel radius versus blood flow rate. * To understand how blood viscosity affects blood flow rate. * To list the components in the blood that contribute to blood viscosity. * To explain conditions that might lead to viscosity changes in the blood. * To understand how to interpret a graph of viscosity versus blood flowRead MoreDoes The Human Circulatory System Apply Physics Concept? Essay1321 Words   |  6 Pagessystem apply concepts in physics as the blood circulates through the entire system? The circulatory system’s main objective is to transport blood throughout all the necessary parts of the body. The blood in effect transports nutrients and oxygen to these body parts and wastes away from these body parts to the organs that excrete them out of the body. The heart is the nerve centre of the circulatory system. This is so as it is this organ that pumps the blood that carries both the nutrients and wastesRead MoreBlood Pressure Regulation1269 Words   |  6 PagesBlood pressure regulation and changes occurring after increase in blood pressure Each time the heart pumps, it sends blood all over the body to supply organs and tissues with oxygen and nutrients. The strength of the force created as the heart pumps blood into the vessels together with the vessels’ resistance to the blood flow is defined as the body’s blood pressure (Darovic, 2002). A normal range blood pressure (BP) must be between 100-130mmHg systolic (when the heart is beating) and 60-90mmHgRead MoreWhat Is Pharmacology And It s Purpose?1482 Words   |  6 PagesAngina, which is sometimes called angina pectoris, is chest pain that is caused by inadequate coronary blood flow to the myocardium. When coronary blood flow cannot deliver sufficient oxygen to support cardiac oxidative metabolism (reduced oxygen), the myocardium becomes hypoxic. This triggers pain receptors within the heart, which lead to chest pain and the sensation of heaviness and pressure. One medication associated with angina is Ranexa, which is a category c drug. A drug may be classifiedRead MoreMedical Case Study1511 Words   |  7 Pagespresented in the ED with a history of chronic alcoholism, diabetes mellitis type 2, aortic valve stenosis and shortness of breath. He states that he cannot catch his breath and has constant burning chest discomfort for one week without substernal chest pressure. He reports coughing with production of sputum and denies having these symptoms before. He does drink alcohol (including today) and admitted to drug use (marijuana). He developed worsening respiratory distress in the ED and was placed on a BipapRead MorePoiseuille’s Law Assists in Knowledge About the Human Body Essay588 Words   |  3 Pagesstates the volume in a tube is directly proportional to pressure difference between both ends of the tube and inversely related to the length. Poiseuille’s law was discovered by Jean Louis Marie Poiseuille in 1840 (Poiseu ille’s). Jean Louis used his experiments to find the smooth, laminar flow in circular tubing (Jean-Louis). His findings can be described as the flow of blood through the body and bronchial smooth muscle. When the resistance of a fluid increases, the flow will decrease. One exampleRead MoreMedication Of Blood Clot Formation1289 Words   |  6 PagesPart A They have been working. But aspirin helps to prevent blood clot formation and not elimination. Due to diabetes, insulin resistance in your body is high, excessive cholesterol and fat consumption will increase chances of heart diseases more. These factors lead to accumulation of blood clots and damaged arteries which increase blood pressure and decrease blood flow to your heart that is beyond what aspirin can regulate. 66 words You did not experience a heart attack as the test for CKMBRead MoreA Short Note On Diabetes And Adult Onset Diabetes1652 Words   |  7 Pagestakes glucose from your blood and moves it into the cells which fuels your cells, enabling them to function properly (mayo clinic, 2014). Contradictory to type 1 diabetes, the pancreas still functions and produces insulin with type 2 (Rosdahl Kowalski, 2012, p. [Page #1294]). The reason why the effectiveness of insulin is inhibited with type 2 diabetes is because of insulin resistance or the pancreas cannot produce the amount of insulin that the body demands. Insulin resistance is commonly caused byRead MoreThe Circulatory System Controls The Steady Circulation1273 Words   |  6 PagesThe circulatory system controls the steady circulation of the blood through the body by means of heart and blood vessels. It is intricately designed to get blood, oxygen, and nutrients to each and every cell through the human body. While bringing cells the nec essities to replenish themselves and multiply, the circulatory system also aids in the removal of waste and the return of deoxygenated blood back to the heart and lungs. This is done through the heart, lungs, arteries, veins, and capillariesRead MoreLab Assignment1565 Words   |  7 Pagesnourishment that are both received from the pumping of blood. Increased venous return causes the stroke volume to increase. 3. Discuss the importance of the change in CO with exercise? (1 point) The muscles are metabolizing much quicker to produce the mechanical energy required for exercise, meaning they need more oxygen. Blood is how the body delivers O2 to the tissues, hence your skeletal muscles need more blood. The way to get more blood to the tissues is to increase cardiac output. Application

Women in Anglo-Saxon England Essay - 1685 Words

Women in Anglo-Saxon England Anglo-Saxon literature was based on Germanic myths about battles, heroes, diseases, dragons and religion. Writers did not pay much attention to female issues, and there are only few poems that talk about them. Beowulf and â€Å"The Wife’s Lament† are two examples that briefly consider women’s lives in that time. Anglo-Saxon history and poetry portray women’s lives as uneasy and dependent on their husbands’ positions. Women had to endure arranged marriages, abuse and male dominance. Marriage meant very much to women particularly for their status and economic security. In the medieval era, people wed within their class and only a slave could sometimes find his match†¦show more content†¦Slavery was common in medieval England. Slave-women were treated with much less respect than the free ones, and their wergild was smaller: â€Å"If a man raped a virgin who was the king’s property, he had to pay fifty shillings to the king, while if she were a grinding-slave it would be twenty-five shillings. And at last if the girl were a third class (no one knows what that meant) it would be only twelve shillings† (Fell 107). This system was very easy on rich men. They were untouchable as long as they had the money to pay wergild. Ironically, abuse was accepted, and the king became richer from it. GRAPH On the other hand, in the kingdom the king respected his queen and she played an important role. In the poem Beowulf, Wealhtheow is a Danish queen and Hrothgar’s wife. She is mentioned as Hrothgar’s lover and sexual partner: â€Å"The lord of the Shieldings, their shelter in war, left the mead-hall to lie with Wealhtheow, his queen and bedmate†(46). In the hall, Wealhtheow serves alcoholic drinks to all the guests (only women were allowed to serve alcohol). She is a cup-bearer during the celebration: â€Å"So the Helming woman went on her rounds, queenly and dignified, decked out in rings, offering the goblet to all ranks† (45). Since women were meant to stay out of trouble, they never got an opportunity to learn how to defend themselves. When Beowulf dies, one Geat woman screams in grief, and she fears theShow MoreRelated Epic Poem, Beowulf - Women in Beowulf and Anglo-Saxon Society971 Words   |  4 PagesWomen in Beowulf and Anglo-Saxon Society       Beowulf, one of the most translated and reproduced epics of all time, is literature that concerns characters. While Beowulf himself is the obvious hero of this Anglo-Saxon epic, many companions and fellow travelers are mentioned throughout the text. Some of these secondary characters are almost as noble and courageous as Beowulf himself, while others are lowly cowards. Be what they may, all are captured in this timeless tale of adventure. Women,Read MoreEssay On Shakespeare s Beowulf And Anglo Saxon Society944 Words   |  4 PagesRole of Women in Beowulf and Anglo-Saxon Society Beowulf, the hero of Anglo-Saxon epic, had many adventures, and many companions and fellow-warriors are mentioned throughout his story. Some of them seem noble and courageous, truly living up to the standards of their culture; some seem cowardly. But all have gained immortality in the words, many times transcribed and translated, of the famous epic. However, the women of the time are rarely mentioned in Beowulf. Still, even from those few womenRead More Role of Women in the Epic of Beowulf and Anglo-Saxon Society932 Words   |  4 PagesRole of Women in Beowulf and Anglo-Saxon Society  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Beowulf, the hero of Anglo-Saxon epic, had many adventures, and many companions and fellow-warriors are mentioned throughout his story. Some of them seem noble and courageous, truly living up to the standards of their culture; some seem cowardly. But all have gained immortality in the words, many times transcribed and translated, of the famous epic. However, the women of the time are rarely mentioned in Beowulf. Still, even from those fewRead MoreHeroic Values In Beowulf731 Words   |  3 Pageswritten by an unknown Anglo-Saxon poet, displays heroic and demonic behaviors. Taking place in the Anglo-Saxon era between 449-1066 A.D. Within this era, three civilizations arose; The Anglos, The Saxons, and The Jutes. Anglo-Saxon Invaders took control over most of England, becoming the earliest civilizations to settle on England. The Anglo-Saxons relished and honored four main values; courage, strength, glory, and loyalty. Beowulf, an epic poem, denotes the important Anglo-Saxon values thr ough theRead MoreEssay on The Age of Chaucer567 Words   |  3 Pagesthat England, at that time, went through and their intimate relations with the Age of Chaucer in order to understand fully the background of this age. Great Britain is divided into England, Wales and Scotland. Its inhabitants, the Britons, spoke Celtic. From the first to the fifth century, England was a province of the Roman Empire and was named Britannia. In addition to this change, the Roman invaders brought Christianity, thus, the entire island converted to it gradually. The Anglo-Saxon invadersRead MoreWomen During The Anglo Saxon Time Periods1301 Words   |  6 PagesWomen during the Anglo-Saxon time periods had very few choices when it came to how to live their lives. If one were actually given an option, it would be restricted to either having to take austere oaths, or marriage. Marriages back then were seen as business propositions between men or families, where a man â€Å"buys† a wife. Marriages also played an important role regarding the advancement of Christianity to England s irreligious kingdoms, when commonly an aristocratic woman who comes from a ChristianRead MoreHarold Godwinson : A Powerful Anglo Saxon Family2028 Words   |  9 Pages Introduction Harold Godwinson was born in the 1022s to a powerful Anglo-Saxon family in Wessex, United Kingdom. Throughout his life, he achieved many great things, including being the last Anglo-Saxon to be crowned King of England and being the Earl of Wessex. He was at the top of the social structure from the 6th of January 1066 until his death fighting the Norman Invaders on the 14th of October at the Battle of Hastings. The Battle of the Hastings was a majorRead MoreTrace the Development of English Lit During Any One Period...as Part of Your Discussion Highlight How Significant Events in the Influence the Writing...Additionally Show How Characteristics of the Genre the Writer Uses3085 Words   |  13 Pagesno limitations to where you can go. This quotation may apply to the span of the Anglo-Saxon period because of the coherent linkage to the origination of the English dialect and the modernization of English Literature. Over the years English literature has evolved g reatly. There have been diverse changes to the structure and development of English language since the advent of Old English dialect during the Anglo-Saxon period to what we now speak and consider to be English language. â€Å"Old English isRead MoreAnglo-Saxon Literature Was Composed Between The Years 6501510 Words   |  7 PagesAnglo-Saxon literature was composed between the years 650 and 1110. Beowulf is one of the most famous epics written during this time. It’s also known as the oldest surviving Germanic epic and the longest Old English poem. Most stories written during this time were about the deeds of warriors, heroic acts, and religion. Beowulf is a warrior from the Geats who is asked to come protect king Hrothgar from an attack by a sea monster named Grendel. All of these characters are men. There are very few epicsRead MoreDragon as a Metaphor1646 Words   |  7 Pageswere trying to rewrite history. It was mainly written in an attempt to convert the Anglo-Saxons to Christianity and change the governing style to Feudalism, among other things. Examples of this are their use of the Forest as a metaphor for Hell. Anglo-Saxon Paganism made the forest the home of their Gods, and the Bards needed to change that. Another element, is the role women play in society. The Bards made women out to be servants, rather than equal. Finally, the bards added Irony to improve the

Phenomenon of Price Elasticity of Demand-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Explain the Concept of the Price Elasticity of demand and provide examples where understanding the nature of the Price Elasticity of demand has been important in the decision making of a firm. 2.Explain the Concepts of Comparative advantage and absolute advantage and provide examples of situations in which countries have ignored the principle of comparative advantage to their cost. Answers: 1.Introduction In the price and output decision making of a firm, several economic factors play immensely important roles, especially for augmenting the efficiency of the firms as well as in their long term profitability and sustainability. One of such attributes is the price elasticity of demand, which shows the degree of responsiveness of the demand of a commodity or service with respect to the change in the price of the same. The assignment takes into account this economic aspect and the implication of the same on the decision-making perspectives of the firms (Ekelund Jr Hbert, 2013). Analysis The price elasticity of demand may be of two types, own price elasticity and cross price elasticity, with the former showing the relation of the demand for a commodity with its own price and the latter showing the relation of demand for the same with the price of substitutes and complements. The elasticity of demand therefore shows the nature and flexibility of demand for the same commodity in concern. The firms, in real economic scenario, often base their decisions of production and pricing on the basis of the price elasticity of demand. One such example is the practice of charging different prices in different markets with difference in elasticity of demand, which is especially true in monopolistic market and is known as price discrimination (Varian, 2014). Figure 1: Price Discrimination in the Monopoly Market (Source: As created by the author) The above figure shows the phenomenon of price discrimination, in which the firms take advantage of the difference in price elasticity in different markets, especially the geographically distant ones and charge different prices according to the elasticity of demand. Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be concluded that the phenomenon of price elasticity of demand is one of the immensely significant factors in the decision making perspective of the firms in an economy. 2.Introduction The two most significant theories prevailing in the international trade scenarios are the theories of absolute advantage and that of comparative advantage in trade, the latter one being more feasible and practically applicable in the real case scenarios. The assignment tries to analyze these theoretical frameworks and discusses the real cases of exceptions. Analysis Adam Smith first proposed the absolute advantage theory. According to the assertions of this theory the countries need to produce and trade those commodities in which they have absolute productive advantages than their trading partners, that is which they can produce using lesser amount of resources. However, this theory failed to give any solution with respect to trade, in those instances where between the two trading partners; one country enjoys absolute advantage in all the commodities over the other. The theory of Comparative Advantage, as proposed by David Ricardo, in this context gives a solution by asserting that the countries should produce and export only those commodities in the production of which the opportunity cost of production is lesser than its trading countries, to gain efficiencies and profitability in international trade scenario (Cuat Melitz, 2012). However, in Japan, in spite of the presence of huge comparative advantage in production of technological goods, Japan do not use this for trading purposes as they believe that protectionism has been their core principle of success and utilizing the comparative advantage will actually make them more exposed to unfair global competitive politics (Nunn Trefler, 2013). Conclusion Thus, it can be seen that though comparative advantage theory is one of the most applicable trade theories currently existing, in few situations several countries do not utilize their competitive advantages in order to preserve their welfare. References Cuat, A., Melitz, M. J. (2012). Volatility, labor market flexibility, and the pattern of comparative advantage.Journal of the European Economic Association,10(2), 225-254. Ekelund Jr, R. B., Hbert, R. F. (2013).A history of economics theory and method. Waveland Press Nunn, N., Trefler, D. (2013).Domestic institutions as a source of comparative advantage(No. w18851). National Bureau of Economics Research. Varian, H. R. (2014).Intermediate Microeconomics: A Modern Approach: Ninth International Student Edition. WW Norton Company

Depreciation Its Impact On Profitability â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Disuses About The Depreciation Its Impact On Profitability? Answer: Introducation Telstra Ltd - The Company uses straight-line basis method of depreciation taking into consideration the estimated useful life of the fixed assets. The fixed assets that are depreciated using this method include property, plant, equipment, buildings and leasehold property but exclude freehold land (Telstra, 2016). The companys policy is that the company starts charging depreciation only when the assets are put to use in the company. The estimated useful life and the residual value of the assets are estimated by the management using judgment basis and the review is done every year for the same. Further, the assessment is also done in comparison with other companies in the industry. The effect of this method of depreciation on profitability remains the same every year as the same Accountt of depreciation is reduced and then the net profit arrives (Brealey et. al, 2011). Hence, it can be described as a consistent method that helps in arriving at the profit with ease. But as the depreciation is a non-cash expense, profits reduce but not the cash flows. TPG Telecom Ltd.- This company also uses the straight line method of depreciation and uses the estimated useful lives of the assets to calculate depreciation amount. The estimated useful life is estimated by the management according to the trend in the industry and as per own judgments (TPG Telecom Ltd, 2016). The review is done in this company also on an annual basis for the estimated useful lives. But, the estimated useful lives estimated by this company are totally different from that estimated by Telstra Ltd. The effect on profitability is the same every year as the amount of depreciation expense is the same for every year (Davies Crawford, 2012). Inventory Methods and impact on Profitability. Telstra Ltd.- In this company, the valuation of Inventory is done at lower of the net realizable value or the cost price of the inventory (Telstra, 2016). The company finds out the net realizable value of the inventory by subtracting the total cost of inventory (including purchase, distribution cost, etc from the estimated selling price which may be determined by industry trends (Porter Norton, 2014). The company also uses weighted average price method to find the actual cost of inventories. TPG Telecom Ltd.- The inventory valuation method used by TPG Telecom Ltd. is the same as that used by Telstra Ltd. This company also values inventory at cost or net realizable value whichever is lower. The inventory valuation needs to adhere to the policies of the company as the profit figure is highly affected by the policies adopted for the inventory valuation (TPG Telecom Ltd, 2016). The impact of inventory valuation method on profitability is that if the inventory is overvalued, it will result in an increase in profits and if the inventory is undervalued, it will result in a reduction of profits. Identification Analysis of Intangibles of the company. Telstra Ltd.- The company has the following intangible assets as per the financial statements of the company : Goodwill- The valuation of goodwill is done at cost and the cost is the excess of purchase consideration paid over the total value of net assets purchased (Telstra, 2016). Other intangible assets acquired by the company are valued at fair value by the company which is- Software Assets Licenses Deferred Expenditure Other Intangibles TPG Telecom Ltd.- The company has the following intangible assets as per the financial statements : Non- Amortizing Intangible Asset- Goodwill it is valued at cost less any impairment losses Brands- Relief from Royalty Method is used by the company for valuing and recognizing the value of brands Amortizing Intangible Assets- Acquired customer bases- when a company is acquired, the customer relationships and the contracts with those customers come along with the acquisition. Such relationship is valued using the expected future economic benefits of such customers (Brigham Daves, 2012). This indicates that the acquisition carries the specific benefits too. Indefeasible rights of use of capacity- these are recognized at fair value of the acquisition. Other Intangibles- these are usually valued at cost less any impairment losses and accumulated amortization. Comparative summary of policies (covering points 1 to 3) adopted by both companies TPG Telecom Ltd.- The main accounting policies of this company are: Basis of consolidation- In case of business combinations, the purchase consideration is valued at fair value of the assets and any sum paid in excess of the fair value of the net assets acquired is treated as a purchase of goodwill which is then shown as an intangible asset of the company (Choi Meek, 2011). In the case of subsidiaries, the financial statements of subsidiaries are included in consolidated financial statements and the accounting policies for the subsidiaries are changed to align them with the policies of the total group from time to time (TPG Telecom Ltd, 2016). While preparing the consolidated financial statements, the intra group transactions and balances are ignored. Foreign Currency Transactions- The transactions that are in foreign currency are converted into the exchange rate at the time of preparation of financial statements at the rate prevalent on that date. The assets and liabilities are also converted at the current exchange rate and any foreign exchange differences that arise on conversion are shown in the income statement. Other non monetary assets and liabilities are converted from foreign currency to Australian Dollars using the then ruling rate of exchange. Foreign Operations The incomes and the expenses of the foreign operations are converted to Australian dollars at the rate which was there at the time of those particular transactions. The assets and liabilities involved in the foreign operations are converted to Australian Dollars at the exchange rate prevalent on the reporting date (Subramanyam Wild, 2014). Any foreign currency conversion difference is then recognized in the income statement and shown in equity. The comparative points with regard to the above-mentioned points in the case of Telstra Ltd. are as under: Foreign Currency Transactions- The transactions in foreign currency are usually converted at the spot exchange rate of the transaction date. The receivables and payables are converted at the exchange rate that is ruling on the reporting date (Telstra, 2016). The same treatment is witnessed in the case of TPG Telecom Ltd where the foreign currency gets converted. Foreign Operations Here also there are many similarities when we talk about the foreign operations. The assets and liabilities including goodwill are converted to Australian dollars at the exchange rate on the reporting date. The Equity items are converted at the rate which was prevalent on the initial investment dates (Horngren, 2013). The main point of comparison here is that the incomes and expenses shown in Income Statement are converted into Australian Dollars at the average rate mostly and other wise on the transaction date rate (Telstra, 2016). Basis of Consolidation In case of Telstra Ltd. also, similar policies are adopted for consolidating the accounts of all subsidiaries with the parent company. As per Telstra (2016), the purchase consideration is valued at fair value of the assets and any sum paid in excess of the fair value of the net assets acquired is treated as purchase of goodwill which is then shown as intangible asset of the company. The subsidiaries are the controlled entities where the parent company has the right to the activities of the controlled entities. Hence, the parent company has the utmost control over the activities of the subsidiary (Graham Smart, 2012). In the case of subsidiaries, the financial statements of subsidiaries are included in consolidated financial statements and the accounting policies for the subsidiaries are usually consistent but are changed to align them with the policies of the total group from time to time (Albrecht et. al, 2011). The functioning of intra group transactions is also similar here and the intra group transactions and balances are ignored while consolidation of accounts. Recommendation The companies operate in the field of technology and going by the overall evaluation it can be seen that there appear certain differences between the two, however; the line of action is the same considering the operations. As per the evaluation and comparison did above, on the three policies that both the companies have similar kind of accounting policies and this is due to the reason that both of them operate in the same line of activity and try to match the policies of the industry as a whole. Both the companies follow the policies as per their business and the manner of operation. This is in tune with the industry standards. However, the management from time to time can update the policies to have a better grasp of the environment and the practices. Hence, the regulatory framework is keenly eyed by both the companies and the same has been vividly described in the annual report. References Albrecht, W, Stice, E. Stice, J 2011, Financial accounting, Mason, OH: Thomson/South-Western. Brealey, R, Myers, S. and Allen, F 2011, Principles of corporate finance, New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Brigham, E. Daves, P 2012, Intermediate Financial Management , USA: Cengage Choi, R.D. Meek, G.K 2011, International accounting, Pearson . Davies, T. Crawford, I 2012, Financial accounting, Harlow, England: Pearson. Graham, J. Smart, S 2012, Introduction to corporate finance, Australia: South-Western Cengage Learning. Horngren, C 2013, Financial accounting, Frenchs Forest, N.S.W: Pearson Australia Group. Porter, G Norton, C 2014, Financial Accounting: The Impact on Decision Maker, Texas: Cengage Learning Subramanyam, K Wild, J 2014, Financial Statement Analysis, McGraw Hill Telstra 2016, Telstra 2016 Annual Report and accounts, viewed 24 August 2017 https://www.telstra.com.au/content/dam/tcom/about-us/investors/pdf-e/FY16-Annual-Report.pdf TPG Telecom Ltd 2016, TPG Telecom Ltd Annual report and accounts, viewed 24 August 2017 https://www.tpg.com.au/about/pdfs/FY16%20Annual%20Report.pdf