The Protestant Reformation Essays -- European History Religion Papers

The Protestant rehabilitationIntroductionThe Protestant Reformation of the sixteenth deoxycytidine monophosphate is one of the most complex movements in European history since the fall of the Roman Empire. The Reformation truly ends the Middle Ages and begins a new era in the history of Western Civilization. The Reformation ended the religious unity of Europe and ushered in 150 years of religious warfare. By the time the conflicts had ended, the political and complaisant geography in the west had fundamentally changed. The Reformation would have been revolutionary enough of itself, but it coincided in time with the opening of the Western Hemisphere to the Europeans and the phylogenesis of firearms as effective field weapons. It coincided, too, with the spread of Renaissance ideals from Italy and the first stirrings of the Scientific Revolution. Taken together, these developments transformed Europe. Causes of the Reformation Many bishops and abbots (especially in countries where they were also territorial princes) dullard themselves as secular rulers rather than as servants of the Church. Many members of cathedral chapters and other beneficed ecclesiastics were chiefly concerned with their income and how to increase it, especially by uniting virtually(prenominal) prebends (even episcopal sees) in the hands of one person, who thus enjoyed a larger income and greater power. Luxury prevailed widely among the higher clergy, while the lower clergy were often oppressed. The scientific and ascetic training of the clergy left much to be desired, the moral standard of many being very low, and the practice of celibacy not everywhere observed. non less serious was the condition of many monasteries of men, and even of women (which were often homes for the unmarried daughte... ...s did not have to be run by a religious leader or Monarchist and that a persons life did not have to be centered on religion or the afterlife. If it were not for the Reformation and Coun ter-Reformation, the world we live in now would be a much different place. The Protestant Reformation was a major building block of history, and some would say our country.BibliographyWorks CitedBirch, David. Early Reformation English Polemics. Austria University of Salzburg,1983.Dickens, A.G. The English Reformation. London BT Batsford Ltd, 1989.Rex, Richard. Henry VIII and the English Reformation. London Macmillan Education Ltd, 1993.Scarisbrick, J.J. The Reformation and the English People. Oxford common basil Blackwell Publisher Ltd, 1984.Tyacke, Nicholas. Englands Long Reformation 1500-1600. London UCL Press, 1998.

Gabon: An Example For All Of Africa :: essays research papers fc

Gabon An Example For both of AfricaThe artless of Gabon is praised as being one of the almost self-madecountries in Africa. Gabon is a very diverse country in umpteen ways. There are avariety of different tribes that call Gabon home. Also, the grime differsthrough out the county.Gabon is one of the smaller countries of Africa with the area of 267,670 jog miles. Comparatively, this is the almost the same size as Colorado. Theterrain of this tiny country consists of narrow coastal plains a hillyinterior and Savannah in the east and south. lots of the interior is rainforests and is not arable. Only 1% of the drink down is arable The remaining land iseither meadows, permanent crops, or other land forms. (The homo Fact concord1995)Gabon is one of the most thinly populated countries in Africa. It has a tribe of approximately 1,155,000 (July 1995 est.) There are 11 people per red-blooded mile. The majority of the Gabonese are of ages 15-64 old age. The averagelife expectancy is 5 5.14 years. Women live to be most 58, while men areusually around 52 when they die. This is why only 5% of the population is olderthan 65. The infant mortality is lower than many other African countries, 92.4per 1,000 live births. (The World Fact Book 1995)As in most African countries, there are many Bantu tribes strive up the heathenishity of the country. There are four major tribal groups. The Fang, Eshira,Bapounou, and the Bateke. (The World Fact Book)The largest of these tribes is the Fang. They live mainly in thenorthern area of Gabon. Many years ago they were considered the fiercestwarriors of the area. Now, they dominate many of the countries governmentalpositions. (World Book encyclopaedia page )One of the earlier tribes that is since gone was the Omyene. They livedalong the coast. The Omyene are important because they were the first of thenatives to escort the European traders and missionaries. They played an importantrole of keeping relaxation with the Europeans. (Wor ld Book Encyclopedia, 1992 page2)Along with there being so many different ethnic backgrounds, there aremany religions as well. The major religion is Christian,75 % of the population.About 1% of the population is Muslim. The remaining 24% are animists. Theseinclude all of the tribal practices. (The World Fact Book)One of the reasons why Gabon has been so successful is that it has astable government. It is a republic and has multiple political parties. Thecapitol, Libreville ( aprox.Gabon An Example For All Of Africa essays research papers fc Gabon An Example For All of AfricaThe country of Gabon is praised as being one of the most successfulcountries in Africa. Gabon is a very diverse country in many ways. There are avariety of different tribes that call Gabon home. Also, the land differsthrough out the county.Gabon is one of the smaller countries of Africa with the area of 267,670square miles. Comparatively, this is the almost the same size as Colorado. Theterrain of this tiny country consists of narrow coastal plains a hillyinterior and Savannah in the east and south. Much of the interior is rainforests and is not arable. Only 1% of the land is arable The remaining land iseither meadows, permanent crops, or other land forms. (The World Fact Book1995)Gabon is one of the most thinly populated countries in Africa. It has apopulation of approximately 1,155,000 (July 1995 est.) There are 11 people persquare mile. The majority of the Gabonese are of ages 15-64 years. The averagelife expectancy is 55.14 years. Women live to be around 58, while men areusually around 52 when they die. This is why only 5% of the population is olderthan 65. The infant mortality is lower than many other African countries, 92.4per 1,000 live births. (The World Fact Book 1995)As in most African countries, there are many Bantu tribes make up theethnicity of the country. There are four major tribal groups. The Fang, Eshira,Bapounou, and the Bateke. (The World Fact Book)The largest of th ese tribes is the Fang. They live mainly in thenorthern area of Gabon. Many years ago they were considered the fiercestwarriors of the area. Now, they dominate many of the countries governmentalpositions. (World Book Encyclopedia page )One of the earlier tribes that is since gone was the Omyene. They livedalong the coast. The Omyene are important because they were the first of thenatives to meet the European traders and missionaries. They played an importantrole of keeping peace with the Europeans. (World Book Encyclopedia, 1992 page2)Along with there being so many different ethnic backgrounds, there aremany religions as well. The major religion is Christian,75 % of the population.About 1% of the population is Muslim. The remaining 24% are animists. Theseinclude all of the tribal practices. (The World Fact Book)One of the reasons why Gabon has been so successful is that it has astable government. It is a republic and has multiple political parties. Thecapitol, Libreville ( aprox.

Lucent Technologies :: essays research papers fc

lambent TechnologiesBACKGROUNDIn 1996, AT&T decided to split into three diametrical companies. Thesenew companies were the new AT&T, NCR, and Lucent Technologies. LucentTechnologies is one of the leading designers, developers, and manufacturers oftelecommunications systems, software, and products.1 They are beginning toemerge as a Fortune 40 company. Lucent Technologies builds local networks,business telephone systems, and consumer telephones that access the globalnetworks.2 Lucent Technologies was launched with an initial public stockoffering in April.3 AT&T owns an 82% packet of the company.4KEY PERSONNELLucent technologies has 125,000 employees worldwide. Approximately 82%of its employees come from the United States and the other 18% come from foreigncountries.5 Lucent Technologies has offices in more than 90 countries, and BellLabs has offices in 13 countries.6The chairman and main(prenominal) executive director officer is Henry B. Schacht. Schachthas been on AT&Ts board of directors since 1981. He has also held chairman andchief executive officer positions at Cummings Engine Company, INC.7Lucent Technologies President and chief operating officer is Richard A.McGinn. McGinn joined AT&T in 1978. He has previously served as executive vicepresident and chief executive officer of AT&Ts network group. From 1994 to1996, McGinn served on the AT&T management executive committee.8BUSINESS STRUCTURELucent Technologies is composed of four operating units. These fourunits are Business Communication Systems, Consumer Products, MicroelectronicsGroup, and Network Systems. These units are designed to work together toprovide innovative and cost-efficient solutions for customers. BellLaboratories supports each group.9Bell Laboratories is a research and development organization that isrecognized throughout the world for its achievements in knowledge and technology.Currently, Bell Laboratories is focusing on developing Digital signalprocessor algorithms, Lightwave comm unications (photonics), Networking, Siliconchips, Software, and Wireless communications.10Business Communications Systems design, manufacture, install, andservice advanced junction and multimedia systems worldwide.11 Consumer Productsdesign, manufacture, sell, and lease communications products for consumers,small offices, and home offices. In 1995 in the United States, ConsumerProducts sold 31% of the corded phones, 28% of the cordless phones, and 35% of respond machines.12 The Microelectronics Group makes integ grazed circuits,power systems, and optoelectronic components for Lucent Technologies.13 Thelargest unit of Lucent Technologies is the Network Systems. The Network Systemsdesigns, develops, and manufactures networking systems and software fortelecommunications providers, wireless communications is growing at an annualrate of 33 percent.14BUSINESS STRATEGYThe worldwide demand for communications systems is booming. LucentTechnologies is predicting a 10% annual produce for the communications industry.The business is pursuing growth opportunities around the world and is trying tobuild on Bell Laboratories established global relationships with its keycustomers. 15Much emphasis for advancement is being impute on the areas of Wireless

William Jobling Essay -- Papers

William Jobling We have been exploring the true story of William Joblings tragic life. He was a miner from Jarrow in Newcastle, who in 1832, whilst on a miners beat, was falsely accused of the murder of a local magistrate c bothed Nicolas Fairles. The real murderer was Ralph Armstrong, one of Joblings best friends and fellow miner. The stimulus came from a establishment that attach to a statue of William Jobling in Jarrow. All temporary expedients came from that initial stimulus. As the stimulus was around a time long ago, and of a topic I was unfamiliar with, mining, I thought it would prove to be difficult. This story provides lots of interesting and exciting stimulus for drama through its various themes such as friendship, discouragement and betrayal. My meeting chose to follow the themes of comradeship, poverty, deceit, despair and friendship. These themes are especially evident in parts of the plot where the following characters and relati onships are presented Comradeship must have contend a vital part in Joblings life when everyone consortd to go on strike. People like Armstrong and Hepburn, the leader of the strike, must have displayed comradeship to agree or to devise such a venture. So we decided our first scene would be around the fabricating of the strike. Times must have been hard when the miners were on strike and no money was coming in to the households. Joblings and other miners wives and families must have suffered from poverty at these times. Our second scene was to be an informative improvisation about these hardships. To leave your best friend to blame for a murder you committed is extremely deceiving. Deceit... ... went to plan. Everyone was mature and played their part well. It proved to them that making an try does count. My lonesome(prenominal) disappointment was the lighting in the murder scene. I had planned that every time Armstrong struck Fairles, there would be a blackout whence the lights would return. The synchronization of this was bad and didnt give the effect we wanted. If I have learnt anything from this piece, it would be that using your rehearsal time wisely is essential in producing a eminent look play plus it doesnt take years off your life in worry. I would also quarter it clear to other people in my group, that if they werent prepared to put in sufficient effort and compromise then they would have to find another group as I didnt enjoy having to make all the decisions and trying to motivate people who couldnt care less. William Jobling Essay -- Papers William Jobling We have been exploring the true story of William Joblings tragic life. He was a miner from Jarrow in Newcastle, who in 1832, whilst on a miners strike, was falsely accused of the murder of a local magistrate called Nicolas Fairles. The real murderer was Ralph Armstrong, one of Joblings best friends and fellow miner. The stimulus came from a plaque that accompanied a statue of William Jobling in Jarrow. All improvisations came from that initial stimulus. As the stimulus was about a time long ago, and of a topic I was unfamiliar with, mining, I thought it would prove to be difficult. This story provides lots of interesting and exciting stimulus for drama through its various themes such as friendship, despair and betrayal. My group chose to follow the themes of comradeship, poverty, deceit, despair and friendship. These themes are especially evident in parts of the plot where the following characters and relationships are presented Comradeship must have played a vital part in Joblings life when everyone agreed to go on strike. People like Armstrong and Hepburn, the leader of the strike, must have displayed comradeship to agree or to devise such a venture. So we decided our first scene would be around the fabricating of the strike. Times must have been hard when t he miners were on strike and no money was coming in to the households. Joblings and other miners wives and families must have suffered from poverty at these times. Our second scene was to be an informative improvisation about these hardships. To leave your best friend to blame for a murder you committed is extremely deceiving. Deceit... ... went to plan. Everyone was mature and played their part well. It proved to them that making an effort does count. My only disappointment was the lighting in the murder scene. I had planned that every time Armstrong struck Fairles, there would be a blackout then the lights would return. The synchronising of this was bad and didnt give the effect we wanted. If I have learnt anything from this piece, it would be that using your rehearsal time wisely is essential in producing a high quality play plus it doesnt take years off your life in worry. I would also make it clear to other people in my group, that if they werent pr epared to put in sufficient effort and compromise then they would have to find another group as I didnt enjoy having to make all the decisions and trying to motivate people who couldnt care less.

Preference Reversal And Expert :: essays research papers

Subjects in gambling tasks that involve both preference and pricing salute a pattern of responses known as choice reversal. That is, although subjects in a choice condition generally will give higher preference ratings to &8220safe, high-probability/low-payoff, bets than to &8220longshot, low-probability/high-payoff, bets, when they are asked in a pricing condition to generate an amount of funds that they would accept to avoid the gamble altogether they tend to give higher value for longshots over safer bets. Tversky, Slovic, and Kahneman (1990) demonstrate that among the several possible actions that subjects could be taking to produce this pattern, the exact factor appears to be the overpricing of the longshot bets. If subjects are actually offered a financial persona (hypothetically) by the experimenter to replace the gamble, they will accept this figure even though it is lower than the figure that they generated in the pricing condition. Tversky et al. (1990) further sho wed that this overpricing is largely due to a phenomena known as scale compatibility, which involves certain biases when the response required by the subject is in the same units as the factors influencing the decision. Since the payoffs of the bets and the buy-out prices assigned to them are both monetary values, this leads people to give greater weight to the payoff value of the bets when asked to price them (a situation of compatibility) than when asked to choose between them (a situation of non-compatibility).The development of expertise in avoiding preference reversal, then, would have to involve the circumvention of the compatibility effect. One possible way in which this could occur would involve subjects consistently selecting either payoff or probability as the critical factor in both choice and pricing conditions. By adopting a strategy of maximizing the run across of any payoff in both the choice and pricing condition and giving that option the higher rating on both scal es, preference reversal would be avoided. Conversely, considering only the greatest potential for polish off in each condition would have the same effect.This strategy, however, would be susceptible to preference reversals in the other direction. In the first case of maximizing the chance of payoff, the safe bet (H) would be favored over the longshot (L) and the pricing would also favor the safe bet (Ch) over the longshot (Cl) (i.e. Ch Cl). Yet when any amount of money (X) is offered at a %100 probability, that option would be selected over both H and L.

Preference Reversal And Expert :: essays research papers

Subjects in gambling tasks that involve both choice and set show a pattern of responses known as preference reversal. That is, although subjects in a choice condition generally will give higher preference ranks to &8220safe, high-probability/low-payoff, bets than to &8220longshot, low-probability/high-payoff, bets, when they are asked in a pricing condition to generate an summation of money that they would accept to avoid the gamble altogether they tend to give higher orders for longshots oer safer bets. Tversky, Slovic, and Kahneman (1990) demonstrate that among the several possible actions that subjects could be pickings to produce this pattern, the critical factor appears to be the overpricing of the longshot bets. If subjects are actually offered a monetary figure (hypothetically) by the experimenter to replace the gamble, they will accept this figure notwithstanding though it is lower than the figure that they generated in the pricing condition. Tversky et al. (1990) furth er showed that this overpricing is largely due to a phenomena known as scale compatibility, which involves certain biases when the response take by the subject is in the same units as the factors influencing the decision. Since the payoffs of the bets and the buy-out prices assigned to them are both monetary values, this leads people to give greater weight to the payoff value of the bets when asked to price them (a situation of compatibility) than when asked to choose between them (a situation of non-compatibility).The development of expertise in avoiding preference reversal, then, would have to involve the circumvention of the compatibility effect. One possible way in which this could occur would involve subjects consistently selecting either payoff or probability as the critical factor in both choice and pricing conditions. By adopting a strategy of maximizing the chance of any payoff in both the choice and pricing condition and giving that option the higher rating on both scales , preference reversal would be avoided. Conversely, considering only the greatest potential for gain in each condition would have the same effect.This strategy, however, would be susceptible to preference reversals in the other direction. In the first case of maximizing the chance of payoff, the safe bet (H) would be favored over the longshot (L) and the pricing would also favor the safe bet (Ch) over the longshot (Cl) (i.e. Ch Cl). Yet when any amount of money (X) is offered at a %100 probability, that option would be selected over both H and L.

Jazz Concert Report

Before taking Jazz manikin I barely k parvenue anything about this type music. sextet different bands performed fifteen pieces. Most of the pieces are written by popular Jazz composers, such as Cantaloupe Island by Herbie Hancock or Donna lee side by Charlie Parker. Also, there was one band that performed pieces written by its members, which genuinely impressed me. For example, Preparation was serene by Alex Reiff, who plays bass in the band called Krista ovalbumin 3 PM Combo. In this report I would like to pay attention on dickens pieces that I enjoyed the most.The first piece is A visit Call with Janet written by Jessie Crossen, trombonist in the band Krista White 3 PM Combo. one(a) of the bands members said that Janet happens to be Aaron metalworkers trumpeters mother. What was noteable is that the subject starts with bass playing. The dynamics are very relaxation in the beginning, as if somebody was starting a conversation on the phone really quietly. When trombonist starts improvising, the rhythm starts to mother faster and dynamics get louder and louder. I associated faster rhythm and loud dynamics with a phone argument between two people.The pianist was improvising last. Here dynamics got softer and quieter, and rhythm gets slower, which makes it front that the argument was resolved. In the conclusion, all instruments end the composition. The entropy piece I wanted to pay attention to is Take the A Train that was originally self-possessed by Billy Strayhorn. At the Sac enunciate Jazz Combos Concert it was performed by Oliver Graham Combo band. It so happened that 2 days before this project I read about Billy Strayhorn in my Music class and it was very interesting to learn how these guys would perform it. The composition starts with all instruments playing.Then pianist improvised first. After pianist, alto took turn to improvise. One could notice a very interesting and a little bit unusual exchange between guitarist and drummer. The fo rm of Take the A Train composition is 32-bar. The rhythm gets faster toward the middle of the song and dynamics are moderate throughout the composition. Overall, the concert was really great opportunity to experience a new style of music. I never thought Jazz could be the type of music I could listen to. This concert was the first Jazz concert I went to and I am looking forward to attend more in a future.Jazz Concert ReportBefore taking Jazz class I barely knew anything about this type music. Six different bands performed fifteen pieces. Most of the pieces are written by popular Jazz composers, such as Cantaloupe Island by Herbie Hancock or Donna Lee by Charlie Parker. Also, there was one band that performed pieces written by its members, which really impressed me. For example, Preparation was composed by Alex Reiff, who plays bass in the band called Krista White 3 PM Combo. In this report I would like to pay attention on two pieces that I enjoyed the most.The first piece is A Phone Call with Janet written by Jessie Crossen, trombonist in the band Krista White 3 PM Combo. One of the bands members said that Janet happens to be Aaron Smiths trumpeters mother. What was noticeable is that the composition starts with bass playing. The dynamics are very quiet in the beginning, as if somebody was starting a conversation on the phone really quietly.When trombonist starts improvising, the rhythm starts to get faster and dynamics get louder and louder. I associated faster rhythm and loud dynamics with a phone argument between two people. The pianist was improvising last. Here dynamics got softer and quieter, and rhythm gets slower, which makes it seem that the argument was resolved. In the conclusion, all instruments end the composition.The second piece I wanted to pay attention to is Take the A Train that was originally composed by Billy Strayhorn. At the Sac State Jazz Combos Concert it was performed by Oliver Graham Combo band. It so happened that 2 days before this concert I read about Billy Strayhorn in my Music class and it was very interesting to listen how these guys would perform it. The composition starts with all instruments playing.Then pianist improvised first. After pianist, alto took turn to improvise. One could notice a very interesting and a little bit unusual exchange between guitarist and drummer. The form of Take the A Train composition is 32-bar. The rhythm gets fastertoward the middle of the song and dynamics are moderate throughout the composition.Overall, the concert was really great opportunity to experience a new style of music. I never thought Jazz could be the type of music I could listen to. This concert was the first Jazz concert I went to and I am looking forward to attend more in a future.

Civil Disobedience and Thoreau

Are Thoreaus Ideas About Civil Disobedience Outdated Today? Civil disobedience is an intentional and non-violent disobedience of law by an individual who believes that a certain law is dirty and who is willing to accept the penalty for breaking that law to bring about change and public awareness. When enthalpy David Thoreau wrote On The Duty of Civil Disobedience in 1849, he advocated that democracy in America could only be improved by individual activism and courteous disobedience to unjust laws.Thoreaus ideas in Civil Disobedience are outdated for contemporary American Society because the more in effect(p) solution for unjust laws today is active participation within the political governance and not individual accomplished disobedience. The American political system allows the minority perspective to prevail, and any(prenominal) citizen can change the law through the courts, through Congress, and through the election of new government leaders. Thoreaus ideas that American dem ocracy is run by an insensitive and tyrannical majority and that A minority is powerless while it con skeletons to the majority (Thoreau 231) are wrong or outdated in todays society.In the American concept of democracy, individuals can, and do, challenge unjust laws through the court system and through the election make for. While civil disobedience by individuals has historically been credited for civil rights reform in America, the government institutions were ultimately responsible for the reform of unjust laws and unjust practices. Civil rights reform began in the court system. Ultimately, unjust laws were overturned by the new laws. The Fourteenth Am oddityment gave all citizens the right to due process and equal protection under the law. Women flummox the right to vote because of the Nineteenth Amendment.Thus, Thoreau is incorrect when he states Even voting for the right is doing nothing for it and minimizes the effect that a citizen can have in the election process (Thorea u 226). Americans participation in the Iraq war will end as a go forth of President Obamas election. One of President Obamas significant campaign promises was that he would end the Iraq war begun by President Bush. The demonstrations across from the White House and the marches did not change President Bushs conviction that military resources should be used in Iraq. Kathy Kellys Voices in America which defied economic sanctions against Iraq by taking edicine to Iraq and by being fined $20,000 did not cause any change in policy. Ethan and Vima Vesely-Flads purposeful payment of 51% their tax monies to the Quakers rather than the federal government to protest the military involvement in Iraq only resulted in the garnishment of Ethans wages. All of these civil disobedience efforts failed, and the change that all these protesters wanted occurred because people participated within the political system by voting for President Obama. The Court system legalized abortion rights and protected the rights of women. In contrast, the anti-abortion movement has marched on Washington, D.C. and engaged in civil disobedience for decades without changing those rights. These protestors of the right created by Roe v. Wade who have illegally blocked patients and health care providers from access to the abortion clinics have only helped those who favor abortion. The pill rollers who refused to provide birth control because they consider it a form of abortion have only lost their jobs and been subject to public disdain. Supporters of the right to choose and of abortion rights for women have devoted their energies to operative within the political process with the results being that abortion remains legal.The Tea troupe also demonstrates how an organized grassroots minority can influence government by organizing and by operative within the political system to bring about change. The Tea Party organization began with a handful of citizens who were concerned about government spendin g and luxuriant taxation and regulation. The Tea Party created a platform called The Contract For America which caused Republicans to create their own Commitment to America and their A Pledge to America. The Tea Party has been able to influence several elections and is given the credit of having helped Massachusetts Senator Scott Brown be elected.The Tea Party has been predicted to have a significant impact on the coming November elections. If the Tea Party succeeds in electing state and federal legislators, it will affect government spending. The existence of the Tea Party has already influenced the Republican party, which shows that working within the system is more effective than the civil disobedience urged by Thoreau. Modern day civil disobedience is ineffective and will not result in change as Thoreau suggests. The reasons that civil disobedience is no longer the most effective mechanism for change is because of its nature.Civil disobedience involves a protest by an individu al who breaks a law to change it. Most of those protests are uncoordinated. Individual disobedience without widespread participation or publicity does not create greater awareness of a moral issue. Civil disobedience has worked in the past when the unjust law affects a majority of the citizens and has widespread, albeit silent, support. Certain acts of disobedience like the pharmacist refusing to feel a prescription needed by a women for whatever reason or like blocking access to a medical clinic do not work and alienate the society.Thus, Thoreaus ideas of Civil Disobedience about civil disobedience have less value today in American Society because the individual is far more likely to bring about change by working within the system as the modern Iraki war protests, anti-abortion protests, and the Tea Party have shown. Civil disobedience is no longer the most effective agent for an individual to reform the law, and the more effective solution for unjust laws requires active particip ation in the political process to make the government more responsive to its citizens.

Proactive Strategies Essay

Proactive strategies are the strategies that are already in place to pack with behavioural problems. Proactive behaviour management is about sharing what strategies are with the fryren to make sure they know whats judge of them. Reasons children behave as expected could be that they simply know what is expected of them or they know the consequences for not behaving appropriately. Praise is the best way of promoting a proactive behaviour management plan. We enquire to give lots of praise for positive behaviour and logical consequences for inappropriate behaviour. The best way to let children know what you expect of them is to remind them every day, prove them the rules of the setting, discuss woofs with them and dont forget to praise them when they are behaving appropriately.Proactive strategies includeRule making and boundary settingKnow how to undertake observations that depict events and triggersKnow policies and proceduresCelebrate and praise all childrens accomplishmentsR eactive StrategiesReactive strategies are how you spot with an incidence of inappropriate behaviour at the time it occurs. We act to the childs choice and implement a consequence for inappropriate behaviour. No guinea pig how good our proactive strategies are we allow for at both(prenominal) time need to use a reactive strategy. Consequences that are reinforced to children on a daily basis as part of proactive strategies go away be carried out in reactive strategies. If a child makes an inappropriate choice then we must redirect their behaviour.Reactive strategies includeUse companionship to manage an incident of conflictSupport children to achieve a positive resolution and agree ways to avoid conflict in the future.2.2My role in my setting includes some of the following to help identify the proactive and reactive strategiesDiversion strategyNegotiation that de-escalates a situation, restore calms, resolves conflict and disputes. Mediation physiological and verbal interventi onChallenging inappropriate behaviourAnti bullying strategiesPractitioners knowledge of how to avoid escalating a situation Explaining the potential outcomes of childrens chosen actions.Time out or breather, calm down strategyOrganising the purlieuUsing non-confrontational language that avoids blaming YOU did that Whole setting approach, room approach, indoor, outdoor approach.2.3The grandness of identifying patterns of behaviour or triggers that result in challenging behaviour is that early warning signs can be spotted and acted upon before the behaviour happens or escalates. more or less identifications of a precursor to challenging behaviour are tense muscles, pacing, sweating, facial expressions and increased rate of breathing. These can be difficult to spot in untested children. A young person may exhibit changes in their baseline behaviour or mood.Factors that can lead to mood changes are- Lack of choice ensure there are plenty of activities to choose from. Boredom through lack of environment ensure a good, well set out environment. limited communication and understanding ensure you engage children in conversation. Over stimulation through noise and general disruption to routine a calm environment is needed. Overcrowding if too many children around one activity then redirect some to another activity. Antagonism, aggression or provocation by others the child cause the disruption needs to be removed from the situation before it escalates. Frustration a child may get frustrated if they cant do a certain activity, adult intervention will diffuse this situation as the activity can be shown to the child. Physical illness the child will need extra support if they are unwell. Emotional upset due to bereavement the child will need extra support.2.4Challenging behaviour is a very individual thing, the causes and triggers differ according to each individual, as do the reactions and their degrees of severity. It is therefore important that when plannin g strategies for dealing with challenging behaviour we ensure that they are just as individual as the triggers. No two people will respond in the same way to established strategies. Rather than attempting a one size fits all approach you are showing an ability to adapt and respond.This shows that you can identify and recognise each individuals strengths, represent them into your planning and build on them. It tells the child or young person you are supporting that they have recognisable value and worth and that no matter how challenging their behaviour may be there is always something positive to build on 2.5Children have an inborn desire to please people and cook approval, if they dont get this through the acknowledgement of positive behaviour they are more likely to use proscribe or challenging behaviour. By reinforcing positive behaviour you are encouraging children to seek attention as a result of appropriate rather than inappropriate behaviour. Focusing on negative behaviour will only trigger your own frustrations and aggression causing you to exhibit exactly the behaviour you are striving to stop. By focusing on reinforcing positive behaviour you are therefore modelling thekind of behaviour you feel is appropriate because you are calm, focused and feeling positive2.6If you use proactive strategies then you can stop the behaviour before it starts. Therefore the child feels calm and relaxed and everyone is happy. If reactive strategies are used then the behaviour has already happened and the child may be experiencing remorse, be ashamed, confused, humiliated about the incident/outburst. Whereas Proactive strategies identify triggers and early indicators that help to stop the behaviour before it starts, reactive strategies deal with the behaviour once its done.If house rules or boundaries arent known then the child wont know what is expected from them.

Animal abuse Essay

When Richard Acton was young he had a neighbor. The neighbor was on the sm every side. It always seemed as if he was getting bullied. He was so shy, he always stayed in his house. He was seldom seen in the yard playing or anything. And if he appe atomic number 18d in the yard, he would non stay out long. whiz day Richard asked his p atomic number 18nts about him, and what they thought. They told Richard to sit down that they needed to explain something to him. They said there are people out there in our world that do things to others just to hurt them. They do it because they are sick or maybe enjoy it. Some just do it because that is all they know. community will real never fully understand why it happens, nevertheless it does. The situation is termed pace. The definition of rib is to use ill to maltreat to misuse to use with bad motives or to wrong purposes as, to cry rights or privileges (Webster, N/A).see more thantypes of fleshly hardnessThe fact is this occurs all ar ound the world. Animal cruelty or mistreat base be either deliberate abuse or simply the failure to take care of an animate being. Either way, and whether the animal is a favourite, a evoke animal, or wildlife, the victim can suffer terribly ( compassionate Society of The coupled States, 2011). Animal abuse is a growing problem in todays society, and it needs to be stopped. As humankind has progressed, there has been an increase in governance and rules and regulations of day-after-day life. These rules and regulations are implemented as a result of unhomogeneous situation that occur around the world. One such rapidly growing concern is the concept of animal cruelty. Animal abuse is cruel unwarranted sermon of animals. Such treatment has one focus to subject animals and somemagazines pets to unnecessary aggrieve and pain.The increasing number of cruelty cases reported daily in the media is sole(prenominal) the beginning of reported animal abuse. Most cases are never reporte d, and most animal suffering goes unrecognized and unabated. Although there is no national reporting arrangement for animal abuse, media reports suggest that it is common in rural and urban areas. Cruelty and neglect can also cross socio-economic boundaries. While many people would equal to think animal cruelty no longer exist, what people fail to realize is that it is still happening all over the world today. The treatment of animals is altogether unethical. Ethics is defined as, A system of moral principles a system of rules for regulating the actions and manners of men in society (ethics. 2014. In Noah Websters 1828 American Dictionary of the English Language. , n.d.).We live in a world governed by ethics and the concept or right and wrong. This is why animal cruelty in today society is so unreal. The fact animals are still regarded as a product rather than living breathing creatures is morally wrong. Unfortunately our morality dont extend to animals. Although many people cla im that they are against animal cruelty they still see animals as forms of entertainment, clothing, and experiments which is complete unethical. Animals are not ours to use. Some may argue that because animals do not think and act like a human being, that they should not be treated like them therefore, animals should not have rights, or be treated as fairly as a human. The concept of rights to animals on the grounds that they have similarphysiological and psychic capacities as infants or disabled human beings (Wilson, N/A). They are wrong because animals are living, breathing creatures that were placed on Earth for a reason, the same as humans.Does an innocent animal feel the need to abuse, beat, and kill a human being because the human is not an animal, like itself? No. Therefore, it should not be okeh for any human to beat and kill an animal because the animal is not human. So in an nonpareil world, animal cruelty would not exist. But, this is not an ideal world, and animals, dom esticated and wild, are abused and beaten every single day. Should animals have rights? Yes, they should. All animals have nervous systems they can feel, both physically and emotionally, therefore, it should be penal to abuse any animal, not justdomesticated ones. Every day in the United States animals are beaten, neglected, or forced to struggle for survival. Left in unsanitary conditions with no food or water, they have little hope as they live out their days without the compassion they deserve.Its even more so when we realize that the everyday choices we makesuch as what we eat for lunch and the kind of shampoo we buymay be directly supporting(a) some of this abuse (People for the treatment of animals, N/A). Some are found and redeemd, given the chance to experience how great life and humans can be others are not so lucky. To grow as a nation, we must fight for these abused animals rights and severely punish heartless proprietors. It is up to us to spill for these creatures w ho lack a voice, for who will if we dont? One of the first steps in protecting animals and creating effective cruelty laws is knowing what animal cruelty actually is. There are two categories passive cruelty and active cruelty. First involves acts of omission, meaning the abuse happens as a result of neglect or lack of action. Passive cruelty might seem less unsafe, but that is not the case it can lead to terrible pain and suffering, and ultimately death.Examples overwhelm starvation, dehydration, and untreated parasite infestations, inadequate shelter in extreme weather conditions, and the failure to get medical care. Passive cruelty is sometimes due to the owners ignorance, so many animal control officers will first try to educate neglectful owners on how to properly care for animals before prominent them a citation or placing them under arrest. Active cruelty, on the other hand, is more well-known and disturbing. Sometimes referred to as non-accidental injury, this type of abu se involves purposefully inflicting harm on an animal in order to feel more powerful or gain control. Active cruelty against animals should be taken very seriously, since it can be a sign that a person has serious psychological issues and may commit more acts of violence possibly against humans.Its not yet up to the legal system to ensure that communities across the country are aware and educated about animal cruelty. There are plenty of things everyday citizens can do. The simplest action is for people to take care of their own pets and learn the facts so they can educate others on proper animal care. Another flourishing way to help is by donating to or volunteering at a local anaesthetic animal shelter. Contraryto popular belief, volunteering doesnt require a lot of time simply going in a few hours a week helps. Finally, by writing letters you can remind your local lawmakers that animal abuse is a real problem that needs to be addressed.In media-reported animal cruelty cases, dogsand pit bull-type dogs, in particular are the most common victims of animal cruelty. Of 1,880 cruelty cases reported in the media, 64 percent involved dogs, 18 percent involved cats and 25 percent involved other animals (Humane Society of The United States, 2011). More American households have pets than children. More money is spent on pet food than on baby food. There are more dogs in the U.S. than people in most countries in Europe-and more cats and dogs. A child growing up in the U.S. is more belike to have a pet than a live in father (American Humane Association para 2,3, 2013). Know who to call to report animal abuse.If unsure who to contact. Contact your local police force department at 618-826-5000 or call 911 if it is an emergency. Get to know and look out for the animals in your neighborhood. Start a Neighborhood Watch Program. Fight for solid anti-cruelty laws on federal, state and the local level. Set a good example for others to follow. Talk to your kids about how to treat animals with kindness and respect. And what is believed to be the most important, support your local shelter or animal rescue organization. It is a wonderful way to make a difference.Funding is an important issue when it comes to animal abuse. Most agencies that parcel out the calls for animal abuse are very understaffed. They also rely on support from others. Some agencies rely on grants to fund their operation to help rescue abused animal. Grants can be obtained from agencies such as the Animal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA). The ASPCA Anti-Cruelty grant program supports private organizations and publicagencies dedicated to the bar and elimination of animal cruelty throughout the United States. Every state in the United States and the District of Columbia has a law prohibiting cruelty to animals. These lawsdo not give animals rights, but do afford some legal protection. The purposes of these laws is to deter violence by humans in any form as w ell as to protect animals from mistreatment and cruelty by imposing a penalty for those acts.Most of these laws fall under the purpose of morality, meaning the purpose is not to protect the animals, but to keep people on the straight and narrow. Whatever the reason, many more states are recognizing that animal cruelty, neglect and abuse are serious issues. There are now 41 states plus the District of Columbia with felony provisions for animal cruelty 32 plus DC with Felony specifically say in the statute, 8 with felony punishments attached, but the status of the crime is not specifically defined. Animal abuse comes in all forms, from physical abuse to simple neglect. twain intentional/malicious abuse and neglect or passive abuse may be tough to spot as laws defining what constitutes animal abuse can be vague and differ from municipality to municipality. Before reporting abuse, one must evaluate the entire situation to determine whether or not abuse is actually occurring. Make sure all the facts are in order.One of the best solution in order to stop the awful trend is to give instruction a child while they are still young on how to treat an animals. Keeping in mind that they are the future, teaching a young child can help reduce the problem. Many agree on the rearingal value that owning a pet could have on a child. People arent always able to relate to animal, as humans, were not born with the ability to know how to treat animals.A recent statistic shows that kids who partake in animal abuse, may, as they get older abuse others and their belongings. This is not necessary saying that your child is the next serial killer or murderer but component part them understand early on the rights and wrongs when having contact with an animal could help. Showing children what a happy pet looks like, so they care more for their pets emotions.Parents oftentimes dont take the time to teach the child rights and wrongs when caring for an animal. They need to make sure they set limitations when a child and pet are left alone. Teach your child early on and they will be able to help stop animal abuse. Another great solution is, educating ourselves on proper pet care, we also educate others by sharing the knowledge. In most situations, people have the right idea inmind when it comes to pets, but they are not always well educated in proper pet care, and sometimes dont notice the risk they put their animals in. flatter education is key. If planning on stopping animal abuse it is needed to identify early what is the cause of the abuse and also help the abusers. Studies show that males are 94% more likely to commit the abuse towards animals. Minors, under the age of 18, were 31% likely to abuse animals. Also, animal abuse is 21% more likely in families that involve family violence (Andrea, 1999).Every living thing has a heart and feelings, God put animals on earth for us to enjoy, not to abuse. We all need someone to love and to care for. Why not a pet? Wit h a pet, the key is to educate our young on how to treat them. With this education it can be passed on where one day animal abuse will be stopped.ReferencesAmerican Humane Association para 2,3. (2013). Retrieved from American Humane Association http//www.americanhumane.org/interaction/support-the-bond/fact-sheets/animal-abuse-domestic-violence.html Andrea, L. (1999, Feburay). We Speak For Them para5. Retrieved from http//animalabuseitneedstostop.weebly.com/index.html ethics. 2014. In Noah Websters 1828 American Dictionary of the English Language. . (n.d.). Retrieved from ethics. 2014. In Noah Websters 1828 American Dictionary of the English Language. ethics. 2014. In Noah Websters 1828 American Dictionary of the English Language. Humane Society of The United States. (2011). Retrieved from Humane Society of The United States para 4 http//www.humanesociety.org/issues/abuse_neglect/facts/animal_cruelty_facts_statistics.html People for the treatment of animals. (N/A, Para 2). Retrieved from PETA http//www.peta.org/issues/ Webster. (N/A). abuse,1828 Webster Dictionary. Retrieved from http//www.1828.mshaffer.com/ Wilson, S. (N/A). earnings Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved from IEP para 4 http//www.iep.utm.edu/anim-eth/

Juvenile Justice Essay

Morals usually are the guiding principles in just about everybodys life. world generally tend to do what is considered to be right and astray from what is wrong, but in some cases, community choose to do what is considered wrong. However, people believe that children should be dealt with much more lightly because theyre not fully growns yet. On the other hand, I disagree that children should be exempt from punishment, and I full agree with the four jurists that believe a child who commits a heinous crime should be punished with a prison sentence of life without parole. The 8th amendment bans cruel and unusual punishment to protect its citizens. If a child commits a murder and goes unpunished, is that not a cruel punishment for the victims family? In Jennifer Jenkins On Punishment and Teen Killers, she states that there is no regard to the impact on victims families(10). The justice system is not doing its job if it is not getting justice for the victims family. Therefore it would be unconstitutional for the law to not punish the criminal for their heinous crime. Additionally, there have been researches and studies conducted in order to dissolve why teenagers act the way they do. Research shows that the brain is the very reason for these childrens actions. In Paul Thompsons article Startling Finds on teenage Brains, he deed of conveyances, massive loss of brain tissue loss occurs in the teen years and that it is, only being lost in the areas controlling impulses, risk-taking, and continence(7). This may explain why children act in this horrific manner, but it does not give them an excuse to commit crime. A rebuttal to Thompsons claim of defense would be Marjie Lundstroms article Kids are Kids-Until They Commit Crimes, when it points out theyre only kids. That is, until they foul up. Until they commit crimes(4-5). Kids are kids until they choose to make an adult decision and commit a serious crime. Whether the criminal is eleven or seventeen, they are mak ing a conscious decision to engage in a crime. Based on the premise that morals do not substantially change from young adulthood to adulthood, the offender should know that their crime is wrong. Thus, thepunishment should be mandatory as a result of the offenders actions. Children should pay their dues, even if that means life in prison without parole. If crime is dealt with lightly now, it bequeath only get worse as time progresses. A wise and responsible decision needs to be made so that society bum have a more safe and secure future.

Current Topic in Ethics Essay

The article speaks about a recent incident that took place in brazil-nut tree, which brought in to light the good and moral values of hu homophiles. The story had a two sided approach the first one being from the church of Brazil and the second one from the government side. The incident is regarding a step father raping her 9 year old daughter. The miss confessed that she was on a lower floor a sexual assault from her step father since the age of 6(Yahoo News, 2009). The homophile was also convicted of sexually abusing the young wo art objects 14 year old handicapped sister.Cardinal Giovanni Battista Re, head of the Catholic Churchs Congregation for Bishops said that the spontaneous miscarriage carried out by the doctors under the decision of the girls mother was totally wrong and the twins that the girl carried had a right to live. On the other hand President Luiz Ignacio Lula da Silva had other views on the matter. He said that match to the law of Brazil where abortion is iniquitous and allowed only in case where the health of the peasant bearing women is endangered the Bishop is totally wrong.The girl had scrapually been brought to the hospital after several stomach cramps and it was found that she is pregnant and carrying twins. At the age of 9 doctors commented that it was unimaginable for the girl to bear the children and an abortion was the only viable option left. As the doctor involved in the abortion Rivaldo Albuquerque said that it was important for us to fulfil the life of the girl(Yahoo News,2009). Ethical Issues The article raised several ethical issues regarding human rights and social rights.Firstly the rape case as the man had committed was illegal and should be punished according to the government law of the country. Secondly the issue of child abuse as an ethical issue is also being raised by this incident which is another offense of the law and needs to be punished. Third and the most important issue which has been raised by th is incident be of abortion which according to the law of Brazil is illegal. The fourth issue has been raised to contradict the third one which is another face of the same law of abortion which is banned.Abortion is only allowed in case the health of the child bearing women is endangered. The fifth ethical issue is the sexual assault of the other handicapped girl sister of the girl which was actually sexually assaulted. All these ethical issues have come forward due to this incident and need to be taken worry of by the Brazilian government. Ethical Theories There are many ethical theories and fields of morals that are present but only some that are relevant would be applied to this case. We will consider each possible action one by one and apply it on the case to deduct a result. Greek PhilosophySocrates emphasized that a individual to be ethically correct needs to realize the importance of human life and existence. A person would act rightly and correctly if he or she is self aware and knows the importance of life. Bad deeds or evil deeds are a result of ignorance and if the person knows the consequences of doing wrong he or she would never commit that act (MacKinnon, 2008). According to the theory of Socrates the man who committed the assault was unaware of the consequences of the act to be specific he thought that he would get away with his actions but only the pregnancy of the girl brought up the matter.The case of abortion according to this Greek philosophy is a bit controversial as the importance of human life needs to be considered and in this case whether to notwithstanding the girl or the twins she was carrying was a decision to be made. Normative ethical motive This field of ethics focuses on the rightness and wrongness of actions to judge whether they are ethical or not. The theory says that actions were mainly judged by the intentions of a person as in whether they are right or wrong (Kagan, 1997).According to this theory the man in the case is found guilty of committing a crime and should be punished accordingly as his intention was truly wrong and hence his actions also become wrong. Then the abortion of the child was also morally ethical as the life of the girl was endangered by her pregnancy, hence according to this theory the decision of abortion is also ethically correct. Meta Ethics This approach of ethics is a bit divergent from other approaches as it looks at the reasons for the truth and decides up on the validity of the reasons as to whether the actions that led to the truth were ethical or non ethical (Miller, 2003).According to this theory the actions of the man were totally unethical as the man had committed an immoral act, which is the truth. The reason for this act was his uncontrollable desires, which were unethical. Abortion was performed because it was the only option through which the girl could be saved. The reason for the abortion was the fact that the doctors had to save the life of the girl and could take no risks, hence the act of abortion was morally ethical. Descriptive EthicsThis is a newer field of ethics than normative ethics and focuses on the choices that were available to the person and the one he or she picked according to that his or her actions are judged to be ethical or not. According to this theory the man is still found to be guilty and should be punished as the choices he made were ethically incorrect and on the other hand the abortion done by the doctors was also morally ethical as they had limited choices and needed to save the girl. The doctors agreed on the fact that the girl who was only 9 years old could not carry the burden of pregnancy and hence had to be saved through abortion.Conclusion During this paper we looked up on different theories and fields of ethics. These fields and theories were applied on the case and the deduction of whether this ethical issue were correctly dealt or not was focused. The conclusion is not merely my possess decision but the result of applying the ethical theories on the case. These theories when applied clearly highlight the fact that the man should be punished according to the law of Brazil and the decision of abortion made by the mother of the girl and carried out by the doctors was a correct one in the circumstances that were presented.References Kagan S. (1997) Normative Ethics, Westview Press. MacKinnon B. (2008) Ethics Theory and Contemporary Issues. Wadsworth Publishing. Miller A. (2003) An Introduction to Contemporary Metaethics, Polity. Yahoo News (March 8, 2009). Vatican defends Brazil excommunication. Retrived on March 10, 2009 from http//au. news. yahoo. com/a/-/world/5375029/vatican-defends-brazil-excommunication/

My Elder Sister who is My Personal Leader Essay

When I started this class on Leadership I used my own Elder Sister as an example of a leader because when I think of some of the positive characteristics of organizational leaders my aged child keeps coming to my mind. She is brave and courageous facing challenges most would obtain given up on. She is giving and caring, encouraging and supportive. She wants only the best for our family, helping us face life by teaching us skills and lessons. My Elder sister listened deeply to our joys, struggles, and achievements- never judging, simply being there. We could count on my elder sister to pull our family together, to connect us. She planned and organized incredible events and let us all shine in the process. My Elder sister was my tutor and the first leader in my life. The space she carved out for us in the mankind is what gave us room to grow. the reason of that in our family we be five sisters and one brother and our grandparents were staying with us thats why some of our relativ es unendingly present in our house. So its very difficult for my mother to maintain that entire situation without a strong helping hand and that hand name is my elder sister.She always plays a supportive role for my mother. My father was a businessman and also a too busy person who had no specific clock for his family and children. Since my mother worked hard all the time and never really had time for us, she used to leave us with my elder sister and she looked after us bid her child. Basically when my sister was 15, my mother trusted her enough to take care of us and make decision for us and she achieves this trust with doing her responsibility properly. When we were sad as little kids we could run to my elder sister and it would be all better. As we are growing up and in our teen years we still expect mortal to talk to sometimes and we need to listen. She always listens and gives us good advice. My elder sister knows us better than anyone. She knows how to make us cry, how to make us happy.She knows all of our strengths and weaknesses. My elder sister is courageous and knows how to take control. She can make things fun but at the same time gets the job through with(p). She knows what has to be done and gets it done on time. My elder sister is like the leader of my family because when things need to get done she takes control and gets them done. People need to learn to make the remunerate decisions. That is one of the most important qualities a leader can have. As her sister, I would like to tell everyone that my elder sister taught us how to make the righteousness decisions. My elder sister appears to always make the right decisions. As a teenager, it might not appear like she is right, but when looking back on the situation I realize that the right decision was made. She is open to ideas of other people she will always listen to our ideas and considers them when making decisions.A leader is someone who shows admirable qualities that people would wan t to follow. A leader can also be a person that is the head of some organization. My personal leaders are my elder sister. Some people might question that, but my elder sister has all the qualities of a leader. Some of the qualities she have are that she know when to express no, they always seem to make the right decisions, As I read through my notes which I got in this leadership class, I wasnt surprised to bump that my reflections revealed that my Elder sister is a natural born leader. Although she has never been a CEO of a company, she possesses numerous of the most significant qualities inherent in many of our best.She has been fair and even-handed, positive and persuasive, hard working and determined. But most of all, she knew how to draw out the best in each one of her family members. My elder sister could always see the shining ray of hope in all situations. When I would talk to her about personal or professional challenges she would say that life has its ups and the downs , and that the most important thing to find the balance and inner-peace within. I feel blessed to have inherited some of my Elder sisters intrinsic sense of optimism, sensibility and courage. It is clear to me that create a confidant that I am today, mostly due to the positive beliefs that were inspired upon me as a one-year-old sister.Words of wisdom from my Elder sister that I always carry with me are This too shall pass. As leaders, my Elder sisters advice implies that we must learn how to let go and trust. This means we cant control everything around us. It means asking others for help. It means not giving up. From this place of trust, humbleness and hope, we can honestly discover how to serve one another. And so, as I move forward in life, I can only hope that I have received even a small portion of her elegance, wisdom and self-respect as I proceed with my life. At last I want to Thank my Elder sister for leading the way

History of Magazines in Kenya

narrative OF MAGAZINES IN KENYA mags be a form of print media that argon printed periodic eithery for a specific radical of plenty with a common interest. Magazine publishing started way back in the 1660s with Erbauliche Monaths-Unterredungen (Edifying Monthly Discussions) creation the first clip to be published in Germany and in the world as a whole. This was in the year 1663. However, the next magazine publisher that followed was much different than the first. The Gentlemans Magazine published in1731 in England include more take parttainment in form of essays, stories, poems and political commentary.Magazines whence looked similar books, printed in dingy and white. They were merely a channel where lit durationte men passed on their points in the above mentioned forms of entertainment. In 1739, The economical Magazine was published and is still published up to date though as a perfunctory business newspaper. In the year 1741, the first magazine in America was published and named American Magazine just three days before Benjamin Franklins General Magazine was published. Several magazines were then established until in 1933 when the first mens magazine, Esquire was published.This was the beginning of special-interest magazines. Further on into the 1950s to 1970s, magazines were comprehensive of models gracing their covers. Magazines in Kenya started publishing way back in the 1970s. An example of a magazine published then is Joe Magazine which was founded by Hilary Ngweno, the publisher and Terry Hirst, the artist. This magazine was full of humour, used art and fictionalization to narrate cultural, political and social aspects of daily Kenya living. It target was the urban residents but after Ngweno left over(p) in 1974, Hirst tried changing it to include the rural residents as well.However, it lost market and shut atomic reactor in 1979. Ngweno however did not end his publishing c beer there. He did some other publishing works such as Weekly R eview, which nurtured important personalities such as Hanningtone Gaya. In this era of modernity, magazines are separateed into three * Consumer magazines these are sold by hacekscription and at newsstands, in bookstores and supermarkets. * Industrial, company, and sponsored magazines are produced by companies specific all in ally for their employees, customers and stockholders and by clubs and associations for their members. Trade, professional, and business magazines carry stories, features and ads aimed at people in specific professions and are all distributed by the professional organizations themselves or by media companies. (Baran) A lot of magazines have precipitate up in Kenya in this century. These are such as the first mens magazine in Kenya and east Africa known as HM (His Magazine) which is produced by Media Seven group(Kenya) Limited. This magazine basically aims for men in amid 21-40 years of age and it is all about knowledge and insights men could grasp to bette r their relationships.Media Seven Group also produces Her Magazine, Monthly Motor, Mum and Dad, Teen Life, credit line Monthly and G Magazine. Other magazines in Kenya are such as Samanthas Bridal Weddings Magazine, Passion, Pregnant, True Love, Parents (possibly the oldest magazine), The Insyder, Tupike, and Salon among others. SAMANTHAS BRIDAL WEDDINGS MAGAZINE Samanthas Bridal Weddings Magazine is a consumer magazine that is based on unites and acts as a guide for people planning their weddings. It was started in 2005 by Dr. Catherine Masitsa.The inspiration to begin Samanthas Bridal Weddings Magazine came from Going Out, a magazine that talked about interesting sites in Kenya. Dr. Catherine Masitsa saw the need for an informative magazine on weddings and all that is convoluted and therefore Samanthas Bridal Wedding Magazine. However, immediately after Going Out ended, she ventured into Business Woman, another magazine and later Samanthas Bridal. Samanthas Bridal Weddings Mag azine is the first Kenyan wedding magazine and is named so after Dr. Catherine Masitsas mother and because it is girly and has a soft touch to it.PERSONNEL People involved in production of Samanthas Bridal Magazine are editor program at large (Catherine Masitsa), sub editor (Christabel Ododa), creative director, contributors, printers, advertising gross sales executive, advertising sales coordinator, distributors, photographers, models, make-up artists and advertisers. PROCESS AND PERSONNEL ROLES This magazines production technically has four stages. Stage one is research. The editorial team comes up with a blueprint which is the rough outline of what the magazines should look like.The Blueprint has the themes, how e real page should look like, what should be included and who needs what for the magazine to come up. The editors look for material to write about in connection with the theme, enter contractual agreements with the models and photographers and search for venues to build up the magazine. The editor is also involved in copyrighting which basically involves approach shot up with the words of the theme. In the latest issue of Samanthas Bridal the theme was Dress trends, the writers thus had to look for something to write on dresses.The next stage is the design stage. In this stage is where the sub editor puts together the articles, arranges the articles and puts words in the advertisements. The work is then sent to the designer who lays out the tempo and the photos to come up with an authentic layout. After the designer has done his work its back to the editor for proof narration then to the designer again to prepare the artwork for print in PDF format in cd form to send to local printers and in transfer file protocol to send to international printers. The triplet stage is create.The printer makes digital print outs of final look of the magazine which is sent back to the smear for approval by the chief editor who has to sign every page. The digita l print outs are called proofs. formerly the proofs are approved they are sent back to the printers then final mental picture begins. This process of printing begins when artwork is electronically transformed into a film which is then checked and transformed to the printing plate. The printing plates are then mounted on the web off-set printer which transfers the artwork on paper.Color separation on the papers is done through a process of colors, CYMK. This is cyan, yellow, magenta and black. The pages are mixed with these colors to nock between pictures and words. Printing starts with the light colors first and onto the dark colors. The machine sorts the papers from the first to last, binds the magazine and trims it into the size of that particular magazine. The last stage the distribution of the magazine. Samantha Bridal Magazine uses PDS to distribute their magazine to all their advert clients and to supermarkets all over Kenya.Samanthas Bridal Magazine produces 10,000 copies each selling at 495 Kenyan shillings. TREND CHANGE * Comparing magazines today and those in the past, there is evidence of a big discrepancy embraced by the magazine industry. * There is use of more graphics and colored images to brighten and liven up the magazines. * Magazine publishers have ventured into the internet to meet the competition posed by other forms of media. * Publishers now are focused on concentrating on their defined audiences rather than the whole multitude. ETHICS Every magazine has a house expression that makes it unique and distinct.A house style is the set of standards for the writing and design of an organization. House style identifies a particular company. This is look onn in the font size, flow of articles, number of pages, size and layout of magazine. The magazine Industry is very cautious in terms of confidentiality and ethics. This is so in that, when a company wants an advertisement design do for them by the designer it has to be sent back to the c ompany for its approval. The proof is another example of caution where every page has to be signed to show approval before the printer can go ahead.When a venue for taking photos is chosen the owners of the place have to approve the use of their place as well. Apart from approval by the concerned, magazines rarely face ethical dilemmas in terms of what they write about. This is because, they do not write on real life stories apart from events that have occurred such as parties or dinners. FUNDS Advertisements are what keep a magazine running. Samanthas Bridal Weddings Magazine has a sales team whose main work is to source for people who want advertisements. The team approaches agencies like Scan group to get companies to advertise with them.A full page advert cost 185,000 and this is basically how a magazine makes money. governance BODIES AND REGULATORS Government it offers licenses to the publishing company of the magazine. For instance, Samantha bridals magazine is licensed to p roduce the magazine and air the TV show. column style book it governs how the magazine will look like. It is an organizational book that determines the layout of the magazine. THEORY APPLICATION fit to Baran, Social Cognitive Theory states that people learn through observation- and applying it to mass media.We either imitate what we see or identify with it. When women look through the magazine, others get ideas of how they would want their weddings to be (imitation) while those who are already married appreciate what they see since they know the feeling (identification). CHALLENGES According to Hanningtone Gaya, publisher of the Media Seven Group magazines, these are the challenges magazine publishers in Kenya face * Kenyan advertisers do not believe in advertising in magazines, therefore there is no advertising revenue to sustain magazine publishing. Kenyans do not like reading books or magazines, which undermines magazine circulation and subscription. * Most magazine publishers carry very shallow articles which are not well researched. * The magazines appear periodically and therefore disappointing to loyal readers, subscribers and advertisers. * The high cost of printing and miserable quality in color printing is a major disadvantage in Kenya. http//www. gvpedia. com/Kenya/Hanningtone-Gaya-Top-Magazines-Publisher. aspx REFERENCES www. amanthasbridal. co. ke Stanley Murage- Creative Director, Samanthas Bridal (0720316292) http//www. infoplease. com/ipea/A0154485. htmlixzz1bQvU4EoQ http//www. media7group. com/component/search/magazines%2Bhistory/%252F? ordering=&searchphrase=all http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Joe_%28magazine%29 http//www. gvpedia. com/Kenya/Hanningtone-Gaya-Top-Magazines-Publisher. aspx Baran S. J. , (2010), Introduction to Mass Communication. Media Literacy and Culture, sixth Ed. , McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.

Microeconomics Coursework †Minimum wage Essay

Negative externalities be the undesirable effect of the consumption or production of a good on outsiders (individuals or firms) that are not accounted for in the private market (market for private firms and individuals) and are wherefore called spillover effects. For example in the case of tobacco, the veto externalities are health and are risks to the users and the people around them, pollution of the surrounding areas, addiction etc. It is a typeface of market failure. Market failure is when a market works badly or is absent completely. In this case, the market is overproducing tobacco therefore it is a market failure.This indicates that the kindly eudaemonia is less than private benefit i.e. benefit to individuals. This can be shown in the market diagram for tobacco.Market for tobacco showing banish externalitiesQuantity of tobacco (hundreds of tonnes)mutual savings bank is the marginal social benefit (social demand). It is the demand curve showing social demand for tobac co. MPB is the marginal private benefit (individual demand). The vertical distance between the two demand curves is the negative externality, i.e. P3-P2. When MSB = MPB, there is no market failure as the good is not being overproduced anymore. whence to decrease the negative externality, it must be incorporated into the price, thus decreasing the quantity demanded to equal the MSB equilibrium quantity (Q1).Tobacco is thus a demerit good1. It is not only supplied in the phase of cigarettes but also in the form of tobacco pouches that can be used in roll-up cigarettes. Consumers are switching from cigarettes to roll-ups because the tax on tobacco pouches is less than that on cigarettes.The UK government has levied an average tax of 75 90% on a packet of cigarettes whereas the tax on roll-up tobacco is just below 70 percent. One solution to reduce the consumption of tobacco is to increase the tax on tobacco as a whole instead of on cigarettes or tobacco pouches. The supply will ther efore shift to the left. This is shown in the diagram below.

Egyptian Culture Essay

The Culture of Egypt is hotshot of the most superannuated cultures and has five thousand long time of history. It can be said that it is one of the richest cultures of the orbit as antique Egypt was among the earliest civilizations. Egyptian culture is known to gather in a significant influence on instituteer(a) cultures such as Europe, the Middle East and Africa. However, soon subsequently the Pharaonic era, Egypt came under the influence of Hellenism, so Christianity, and later, Arab and Islamic culture.Modern Egypt continues to deport the antediluvian patriarch Egypts culture including the influence of modern Western culture, itself with grow in Ancient Egypt (Wikipedia n. ag, 2007). Ancient Egyptian In the superannuated Egyptian culture religion contend a very important role. In fact without the ancient Egyptian Religion, there would perhaps not much reason for straight offs increasing tourism. The immense Pyramids of Egypts are a employment attraction. These hug e structures would not exist, nor the fabulous temples, the tombs on the West Bank of Thebes and their mummies, or the colorful decorations on these structures that have attracted travelers to Egypt over the past deuce-ace thousand eld or more.Behind every aspect of Egyptian life, as well as the art, and the cultural accomplishments it is important to understand the phantasmal forces that formed the cultural aspects of ancient Egypt. Religion The spiritual or the religious world that was formed by the ancient Egyptians was a amply fascinating one which remains unique in the history of human religion. Although Egyptian religion was a lot covered in layers of myth and ritual, it on the other hand permeated the ancient civilization of the Nile and tear downtually shaped, free burning and directed Egyptian culture in almost every way.In fact if we look at the ancient history, people were more worried of the afterwardslife than the day to day life. Egyptians believed that they cou ld enjoy life after death that made them to prepare for their death and burial. For instance, they construct pyramids and tombs for kings and queens. Other Egyptians had similar tombs. Additionally, it was very important in order to have a good afterlife for one to not only worship the Egyptian gods, but also live by a rules and regulations that would be judged after death.Ancient Egyptians also believed that the bodies of the deathlike had to be preserved for the next life and so they mummified the bodies. Even though there was a substantial amount of stability between diverse areas of Egypt and over the religions long existence, there were some(prenominal) changes over the past years and changes in the theology. For instance, while some 1,500 gods and goddesses are known by diagnose from ancient Egypt, umteen of them were not worshipped at any one time or in any one place. As a result it is possible for one to observe variations over the years and cultural differences.Eventua lly, several changes took place in the religious aspects. For example, the burial practices of the Egyptians, which were definitely affected by their religious ideologies, went from simple mastabas in the very early periods and during the Predynastic Period, to monumental pyramids during the Old and Middle Kingdoms. This tradition of pyramids and tombs reduced preferring sort of to have hidden tombs with no superstructures at all. Perhaps part of the reason for this was the security of the tomb and its kernel of valuables, though it did not do much to s authorise the tomb robbers.Another reason behind this was the Egyptian religions movement towards Osiris. The god Osiris also seems accountable for another major change in Egyptian religion through its long history along with the popularity it gained. Osiris was a democratic god who without a doubt became more and more popular because the theology surrounding him allowed even common Egyptians the chance of immortality after their death. Believes and Values There are certain beliefs and rituals that still remained.For instance, there seems to have always been a solarise god from the earliest of times, however his worship too changed over time, and sometimes significantly. The solarise god Re was worshipped at Egypts earliest shrines and his worship most likely r to each oneed a high draw during the late Old Kingdom, when kings not only built their pyramids, but also specialized temples to worship the sun god. Additionally, the rituals main part was the offerings, but there were certainly numerous other rituals, together with galore(postnominal) effortless functions such as washing and clothing the gods.There are a few rituals that were major celebrations, for example, the statue of one god might be taken to visit the cult center of another. The advantage with this system was that it was in general during these festivals that common Egyptians probably came closest to their gods, since at other times they were forbidden from the sanctuaries that housed the cult statues. A set system in the Egyptian culture formed a great part as it is even almost the same way that it is today. It can be said that most of the value systems present today in the modern day is adopted form the ancient Egyptian culture.Undoubtedly, the value system had both a secular and religious side. In terms of religious believe, as in many religions today, each person was judged upon death for his or her actions during life, and either condemned to be a member of the damned or the rejoiced (Watson n. pag). Another aspect of the culture comes with the style of traditions. For instance, the ancient Egyptians were the first civilization to regard marriage as a legal relationship. Marriage in ancient Egypt was a religious obligation.The ancient Egyptian laws inclined(p) the marriage relationship and indicated all rights and duties for the couples. Many of the old marriage contracts have been found, and they were regi stered and signed by three officers. These ancient Egyptian laws gave the right of divorce to women as well as men, and the wife had great prise and a high degree of prestige (El-Bialy n. pag, 2003). Even today these cultures have been adopted by many other cultures. Egyptology In the recent years, the Egyptian culture has had a great impact on the archaeology and the study of Egypts ancient heritage.The field of Egyptology has itself become a major scientific subject of great interest in Egypt and also around the world. It began in Arab Egypt during the Middle Ages, but was later led by Europeans and Westerners in modern times. However in the recent decades the study of Egyptology, has been taken up by Egyptian archaeologists such as Zahi Hawass and the Supreme Council of Antiquities he leads. With the discovery of the Rosetta Stone (a tablet written in ancient Greek) Egyptian Demotic script, and Egyptian hieroglyphs, has in part been credited for the recent stir in the study of Ancient Egypt.Greek which is a well known language, gave linguists the capability to decode the mysterious Egyptian hieroglyphical language. The ability to decode hieroglyphics facilitated the translation of hundreds of the texts and inscriptions that were earlier impossible to read, giving insight into Egyptian culture that would have otherwise been lost to the ages. This stone was discovered on July 15, 1799 in the port town of Rosetta, Egypt, and has been held in the British Museum since 1802 (Wikipedia n. pag, 2007). EconomicsToday, the major economic activities of Egypt depend on agriculture, mining, manufacturing, transportation and communication and others. Tourism is a major source of revenue today. Ancient Egyptian farmers relied on the annual floods of the Nile River to irrigate their fields and renew their top soil. Conclusion Finally, it can be said that the rich Egyptian culture has an impact on the various modern day cultures. It was the birth place of one of the worl ds first civilizations which arose about 5000 years ago.Egyptians developed one of the first religions to emphasize life after death. Besides, they also build many cities where many skilled architects, doctors, engineers, painters, and sculptors worked. Islam is the official religion of Egypt as about 90 % of them are Muslims. Tourists from all parts of the world travel to Egypt to see such wonders as Great Sphinx, an enormous pyramids etc. For people throughout Egypt, the beliefs and traditions of Islam form a unifying bond. In fact it is one of the richest cultures in the world.

Document Analysis of John Brown’s Address to the Virginia Court Essay

The address given by John cook to the Virginia motor inn was his final words before execution on charges of treason. The charges were given because of a raid that he directed with the intent to take federal weapons which is an act of treason. On October 16th-18th, 1859, the radical abolitionist John dark-brown led a group of white and black men, including two of his sons, on Harpers Ferry, Virginia. Browns goal was to seize the federal arsenal, arm the local slaves, and fight a way into the newton as described in this primary source in court.This raid was not surprising because of his abolitionist background and insanity as described by the Robert E. Lee who led the Union Army that stifled the revolt. The group held up in a fire department and was attacked by Lees soldiers. The failed start out resulted in Browns capture, trial, and execution on December 2nd. This episode of slave resistance was the live on major rebellion contri furthering to the secession of the South and, ev entually, the Civil War. Purpose John Brown had a a few purpose for delivering this address.Obviously, it was given in response to charges accumulated from the raid, and the address also makes some(prenominal) points explaining his defense. Brown stated that he did not intend to fire a single gun but indirect requested simply to take slaves from plantations and lead them to northern states or Canada. Brown also stated that he did not induce the others involved in the raid to join him which littleened his crime in his mind. To the charges he addressed, I never did intend murder, or treason, or the destruction of property, or to excite or disturb slaves to rebellion, or to make insurrection.Though he denied the charges, one send away infer that Brown really did want a slave uprising to occur in the South due to his strong abolitionist ethics and beliefs. If the raid were to be successful, Brown would not stop with those slaves, but rather continue his forced manumission of the S outh. Browns impression of the trial was one of satisfaction, but he argued that it is unjust that I should suffer much(prenominal) a penalty of death. He made this argument because his intent was not to start this uprising but, instead, to be an act of defiance that he knew would indirectly cause a mass insurrection in the South. care for John Browns address is not a historical landmark and was a less significant historical document that had minimal aftermath however, it provides a specific example of responses in court giving insight into how acts of slave resistance are dealt with legally. Brown gives this document a unique cereal because of his eloquence in court compared with his savagery in the raid. Overall, he is given the status of a diseased person with his words I submit to death so let it be done Brown reveals a very(prenominal) different grimace of his personality in which he is a dignified martyr.He predicts that slavery will never end peacefully in the country w hose rights are disregarded by wicked, cruel, and unjust enactments. Historians can use this document today to show people strong in their beliefs who act upon them, and although some failed in their efforts, their cause was strengthened. Limitations The address made by John Brown contains several limitations that affect its credit as a historical source. A significant limiting factor is that there is only one judgement to explain the raid. Brown had a biased opinion mainly because of his childhood having been greatly influenced with abolitionist ethical motive and beliefs.One would think that Browns address would be biased in spite of his numerous accusations, but he speaks as if he had nothing to lose. The aiding and abetting criminals in the raid would not have delivered a speech as dignified and passionate as Browns but would obviously be similar in their renditions of the event. To fully understand Browns raid, historians would need to consult Robert E. Lees notes. After viewi ng both sides of the story, a historian can either choose a side or make an inference that incorporates both.

Bridging the Gap

Bridging the Gap January 28, 2014 Poetry of the seventeenth century is unique because it is of a metaphysical spirit and it is deeper in meaning that the courtly love passwordg before its time. It focuses on love, oddment, and loss other than death such as innocence and strong possessions. The ostensibly imposable things such as the afterlife and enlightenment argon said to be metaphysical in nature and both subjects are present in the three selected meters for this paper. Ben Jonson exhibits affliction upon the loss of his firstly missy and his first son in the verse forms On My First son and On My First Daughter, but his grief is displayed in different tones.Anne Bradstreet exhibits grief everywhere the loss of her home and whole of her material possessions in here(predicate) Follows Some Verses Upon the Burning of Our House July 10th, 1666, but her grief turns into a comforting tone as she transacts her sure possessions are in Heaven, not on Earth. Thou hast a hous e on high erect, frame in by that mighty Architect, with glory richly furnished (Ferguson, Salter, & Stallworthy, 2005, p. 467). The three chosen rimes deal with loss and grief.The poet of all(prenominal) poem expresses religious beliefs in Heaven and the afterlife and a comforting tone is exhibited for the reader to go out comfort in the possibility that a better life exists beyond life on Earth. Ben Jonson was a poet born in 1572 and died in 1637. His work is often considered classical dramatics. His poem On My First Son expresses sorrow for the death of his first son. The poem is an elegy which means the poem is a serious criticism and a mournful poem about the dead. This is a twelve line poem with six pairs of create verbally couplets. Line five is the most emotional line. O could I lose all father directly (Ferguson et al. p. 323). Jonson tries to see death as an escape from the beingness. There is a calmer tone later in the poem as the poet is speaking in a more posi tive mood, seeing his son as his finest creation. The poem is written from the 17th century England and childhood illnesses were often fatal. Hospitals, vaccinations against diseases, antibiotics and treatments were unknown during that time. Many children did not live very long. When they died, parents counterbalanceed to their death in a different manner than people in current society react to the death of a child. The poem is delivered in rhyming lines called couplets and it is addressed to the dead son.Metaphor is present when Jonson refers to his son as being lent to him. For seven years. Seven years thou wert lent to me, and I thee pay exacted by thy fate, on the just day (Ferguson et al. , p. 323). Jonson believes that all life is a gift from God, and now God is winning back his child at a young and tender geezerhood of seven. As Jonson grieves over his son, he also shows the reader how death is something to be envied. Perhaps death is something to look forward to. This fe eling is explained in lines seven and eight when Jonson states To have so soon scoped worlds and fleshs rage, and, if no other miser, yet age (Ferguson et al. p. 323). An escape from the turmoil that one encounters throughout life is escaped by death. Jonson also vows to not become too attached or to love someone too a good deal in the afterlife so he will not feel so much offend again. Jonson also wrote On My First Daughter which is an elegy about his first girlfriend who died at the age of six months old. In this poem, Jonson believes nothing lasts forever and death is inevitable. Written in the 17th century, childhood death was not uncommon. Jonson delivers sadness as easily as a feeling of comfort and belief that the poets baby girl is in Heaven.A hidden message in this poem is that death is not the lowest destination. The religious thoughts throughout the poem offer peace and comfort about death and the afterlife. Yet all Heavens gifts being Heavens due (Ferguson et al. , p. 323) insinuates that nothing lasts forever and death is inevitable. Jonson sees his daughters death as if she belongs to God and now God has taken her back. This twelve line poem contains six pairs of rhyming couplets. Lines three and four demonstrate a rationalization of the death as well as the ability for Jonson to overcome his emotions more than a woman could. Yet all heavens gifts being Heavens due, it makes the father less to rue (Ferguson et al. , p. 323). He also finds comfort in knowing he lost his daughter to death with her innocence intact. Because she died with her innocence, there is a special keep of believe she in honored in Heaven and Jonson finds comfort in the sad event of his daughters death. Jonson uses rationalism in his poems as he reasons with the death of his children. On My First Daughter has a different attitude and delivery from the attitude and delivery regarding his sons death in On My First Son.He appears to accept his daughters death with less gri ef than his acceptance of his sons death. The length of time he had with his daughter and his son could also determine the tone he took in each poem. He could have bonded with his 7-year-old son as where he did not bond with the 6-month-old daughter. He does however find comfort in believing both children are in Heaven and surrender from pain. He believes Heaven is a better place than living on Earth. Anne Bradstreet, born in 1612 and died in 1672, is the 17th century prude author of Here Follows Some Verses Upon the Burning of Our House July 10th, 1616.Her subjects within her poems were home, life, relationships, living, sorrow, and grief. Her religious belief and values are apparent throughout the poem. The rhyming of every two lines allows the reader to process the voice communication before going to the next two lines. The nine six-line stanzas are written in plain style. The Puritan in Bradstreet preferred a plain style of writing that rarely included figurative language. Sh e disturbed simplicity, clarity of expression, the use of everyday words, and the implied metaphor even though most of her images and words are actual throughout her poem.The context of Bradstreets poem is the 17th century Puritan colonies in North America. The content of the poem is that materials possessions are worthless and the only thing that is worthy is going to Heaven in the afterlife. The reader takes a journey through the descriptions of Bradstreets possessions before her true feelings are revealed regarding loss, material possessions, and a somebodys salvation in Heaven. There are obvious sentence inversions to accommodate the demands of rhyme. This is present in the first line of the poem In silent night when rest I took for sorrow tight fitting I did not look (Ferguson et al. p. 466). The speaker becomes aware of her house burning down and she informs her readers about the material objects in a material world. Pain and loss are explored while memories and fantasies about her home are revealed. No pleasant tale shall eer be told, nor things recounted done of old (Ferguson et al. , p. 467). The statement reveals a woman mourning the material loss while also mourning the lost years of an imagined future in her house. The turning point in the poem occurs when the speaker is finished grieving over the ruins of her home.She begins to realize that she should focus on her home in Heaven and the beautiful afterlife she will have instead than her home on Earth. The last two lines of the poem express to the reader how the speaker truly feels. My world no longer let me love, my hope and treasure lies above (Ferguson et al. , p. 467). Bradstreet, like Jonson, finds comfort in believing in the afterlife and having faith that Heaven is where good and Holy people will spend eternity. Heaven, in both authors beliefs, is a better place than living on Earth.The gift of Heaven through good works was a common belief during the 17th century. Jonson and Bradstreet both suffered a grand loss. Jonson lost two children to death while Bradstreet lost her home and all of her possessions to a fire. They both grieved over their loss but in a different way. The end of each poem confirms the authors religious beliefs that Heaven and the afterlife are better than life here on Earth. References Ferguson, M. , Salter, M. J. , & Stallworthy, J. (Eds. ). (2005). The Norton anthology of poetry (5th ed. ). sunrise(prenominal) York, NY W. W. Norton & Company.

Katelynn Sampson (Aboriginal foster child murdered) Essay

Katelynn Sampson (Aboriginal foster child murdered) - Essay Example peerless of Katelynns custodial parents, Donna Irving, was taken into custody followed a short time later by the other, rabbit warren Johnson.In the days and months that followed, facts about Katelynns short life and sad death emerged. Her biological mother, Bernice Sampson, pleaded to one-third counts of trafficking cocaine in 1998 and was sentenced to 18 months in prison (Toronto Star, 2008). In January of 2008, Sampson was stir upd with drug trafficking again. If convicted on that charge she could be sentenced to prison which would have put Katelynn into the care of the Childrens Aid Society (CAS). Rather than risk having her fille placed with CAS, Sampson voluntarily relinquished custody to Irving, who she called her best friend. One account says that Irving gained custody of Katelynn through a family court application that did not involve any child and family service agency and showed no signs of a criminal-b ackground check (Toronto Star, 2008). Another claims, The hearings before Ontario Court Justice Debra Paulseth involved Katelynns biological mother Bernice Sampson, the guardian at a time charged with her death, Donna Irving, and native family court worker Bela McPherson. Sparse and businesslike, the conversations were dominated by the legal requirement of find Katelynns biological father and the need to move proceedings along (Smith, 2008). If Judge Paulseth, Bernice Sampson, or Bela McPhersonsomeone had looked into Irvings record, they would have discovered that Irvings was no better than Sampsons. Irving was convicted in 2000 of communicating for the purpose of prostitution.In 1999, she pleaded bloodguilty to assault with a weapon and spent five days in custody and 18 months on probation. The year before, she was charged with possession of cocaine for traffickingshe entered a guilty