The Protestant Reformation Essays -- European History Religion Papers

The Protestant rehabilitationIntroductionThe Protestant Reformation of the sixteenth deoxycytidine monophosphate is one of the most complex movements in European history since the fall of the Roman Empire. The Reformation truly ends the Middle Ages and begins a new era in the history of Western Civilization. The Reformation ended the religious unity of Europe and ushered in 150 years of religious warfare. By the time the conflicts had ended, the political and complaisant geography in the west had fundamentally changed. The Reformation would have been revolutionary enough of itself, but it coincided in time with the opening of the Western Hemisphere to the Europeans and the phylogenesis of firearms as effective field weapons. It coincided, too, with the spread of Renaissance ideals from Italy and the first stirrings of the Scientific Revolution. Taken together, these developments transformed Europe. Causes of the Reformation Many bishops and abbots (especially in countries where they were also territorial princes) dullard themselves as secular rulers rather than as servants of the Church. Many members of cathedral chapters and other beneficed ecclesiastics were chiefly concerned with their income and how to increase it, especially by uniting virtually(prenominal) prebends (even episcopal sees) in the hands of one person, who thus enjoyed a larger income and greater power. Luxury prevailed widely among the higher clergy, while the lower clergy were often oppressed. The scientific and ascetic training of the clergy left much to be desired, the moral standard of many being very low, and the practice of celibacy not everywhere observed. non less serious was the condition of many monasteries of men, and even of women (which were often homes for the unmarried daughte... ...s did not have to be run by a religious leader or Monarchist and that a persons life did not have to be centered on religion or the afterlife. If it were not for the Reformation and Coun ter-Reformation, the world we live in now would be a much different place. The Protestant Reformation was a major building block of history, and some would say our country.BibliographyWorks CitedBirch, David. Early Reformation English Polemics. Austria University of Salzburg,1983.Dickens, A.G. The English Reformation. London BT Batsford Ltd, 1989.Rex, Richard. Henry VIII and the English Reformation. London Macmillan Education Ltd, 1993.Scarisbrick, J.J. The Reformation and the English People. Oxford common basil Blackwell Publisher Ltd, 1984.Tyacke, Nicholas. Englands Long Reformation 1500-1600. London UCL Press, 1998.